Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region XI
DAVAO CITY DIVISION
COMMUNAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Brgy. Communal, Buhangin, Davao City
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND INDICATORS
Indicators:
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An indicator is a specific, observable and measurable characteristic that can be used to show changes or
progress a programme is making toward achieving a specific outcome.
There should be at least one indicator for each outcome. The indicator should be focused, clear and specific.
The change measured by the indicator should represent progress that the programme hopes to make.
An indicator should be defined in precise, unambiguous terms that describe clearly and exactly what is being
measured. Where practical, the indicator should give a relati vely good idea of the data required and the
population among whom the indicator is measured.
Characteristics of a Good Indicator
 Valid: accurate measure of a behaviour, practice, task that is the expected output or outcome of the
intervention
 Reliable: consistently measurable over time, in the same way by different observers
 Precise: operationally defined in clear terms
 Measurable: quantifiable using available tools and methods
Examples:
Variable
Indicator/s
A. Perceptions of Safety
(walking alone)
Well-being and Safety
B. Subjective Well-Being
A. Perceptions of the
Neighborhood (willing to help
each other)
B. Gender Perceptions on
Relationships
Socio-Relationship
Status
Questions
1. How safe or unsafe do your feel
when you are walking in your area
alone during day?
2. How safe or unsafe do your feel
when you are walking in your area
alone during night?
1. Turning now to various areas of
your life, how satisfied are you with
your standard of living?
2. How satisfied are you with your
health?
3. How satisfied are you with your
personal relationships?
1. People around me are willing to
help their neighbors.
2. People in this neighborhood can
be trusted.
The statements I’m about to read
out describe different attitudes that
people have. Please tell me
whether you strongly agree,
somewhat agree, somewhat
disagree or strongly disagree.
1. “Men should take control in
relationships and be the head of the
household.”
2. “Women prefer a man to be in
charge of the relationship.”
Response (Likert Scale)
1-Very Unsafe
2-Unsafe
3-Neutral
4-Safe
5-Very Safe
1- Completely Dissatisfied
2-Dissatisfied
3-Neutral
4-Satisfied
5-Completely Satisfied
1-Completely Disagree
2-Disagree
3-Neutral
4-Agree
5-Completely Agree
1-Completely Disagree
2-Disagree
3-Neutral
4-Agree
5-Completely Agree
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
A conceptual framework illustrates the expected relationship between your variables. It defines the relevant objectives for your
research process and maps out how they come together to draw coherent conclusions.
Example: (Based from the Data Above)
CORRELATIONAL: The Relationship of Well-being and Safety and Socio-Relationship Status of Single Women in
Barangay Pag-Asa
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
WELL-BEING AND SAFETY
SOCIO-RELATIONSHIP STATUS
A. Perceptions of Safety
B. Subjective Well-Being
A. Perceptions of the Neighborhood
B. Gender Perceptions on Relationships
COMPARATIVE: A Comparative Analysis of the Socio-Relationship Status of Single and Married Women in Barangay PagAsa
Single Women
Married Women
SOCIO-RELATIONSHIP STATUS
A. Perceptions of the Neighborhood
B. Gender Perceptions on Relationships