Neuro study notes
Neuro system
Romberg's sign
assessesfor balance
ASSESSMENTS
andcoordination
Mental status
Positiverombergsign
is unstable
cranial nerves
when
Motor exams
pt can usually
compensate when
Strength
Gait
eyes are open
Cerebellar
dizzy loss of
poof
pt
with eyesclosed
Babinski sign
should be positive in
under22yearsofage
If present in over
a
2 Pt mayhaveor
system
nervous
brain condition
reflexes
ceristtum
2 sarahfell on
chation httpEII
Reflexes
sensation
causing your
to be abnormal
ABNORMAL
POSTURING
MENINGITIS
Decorticate
interruptions to
Kering's
the neurological
pathways
Decerebrate
injuryeffecting
0TH postures are
ndicative of brain
insuru damage
brainstem
REMEMBER
cerebrate posturing is a
Brodzinski's sign
the
it'sthe
severe neckstiffness
causes apt's hipsand
knees to flex when
neck is flexed
TESTS
used to
determine
extent of
impared
consciousness
Allows us to
severe stiffness in
the hamstrings
causes an inability
to straightenthe
hip is
leg when
at a 90 angle
MENINIGEAL IRRITATILIN
G
betterofthetwo
nd of life posture it is
he worse of the two
nd is indicativeofsevere baff.IEfErying
rain damage injury
DIAGNOSTIC
kerning'ssign
irritability
Nucalregitity neckstiffness
i
severe head ache
nausea
vomiting
Generalized
muscle
A heart rate
pain
sensitivity
Photophobianight
movement
NYSTAGMUSeye
abnormal pupils
gage now
acute someone is and will be detected
by lumbar punctur
if there are acute changes
g
EEG
test that
measures
lectrical
in
activity
the brain
MRI Shows
more detail
NO METAL INION BODY
No pregnant women
unlessurgent of
mayr temp
amniotic fluid
CT scan
Detects bleeding tumors
edema infarcts
can be a CT Angiogram
which looks at vascularity
LUMBAR Puncture
Aspirates asf
Needle usually inbetween
and Lu
Do not perform on pts with
increased ICP
Put pressure on site for
12
hours
post
in
Headache will be severe
after LP because of a decrease
in ICP
ENC PHALITIS
acuteinflammation
of the brain
seriousandcan
be fatal
Mosquitoes and
ticks transmit
epidemicencephalitis
cmvencephalitis
in pts withAIDS
usually viral
Treatment includes IV antibiotics
if bacterial anticonvulsants
solation precautions
Antivirals czovirax.ve ra A
or
from
encephalitis
infections
HSV
BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
inflammation of meningea
tissue surrounding brain an
spinal cord
Spread by respiratory
secretions
to CDC
Mandatory reporting
50 1001 if
mortality rate
left untreated
prevent with Meningococcal
vaccine
inflammatory response
Csf production cloudy
at icp
kernigs and brudinskis
of
Viral
Most
Meningitis
causes
common
enterovirus
and HSV
arbovirus
are
HIV
spread through direct
contact
with
respiratory
Treat
with
antibiotics
secretions
for
test
waiting
back
come
full recovery expected
Symptom management
while
results
to
Rtermember
Bacterial meningitis is
is the
Bacterial
Bad
of the two
worse
viral meningitis is viable
SEIZURES
COMMON CAUSES
change in meas
Alcohol withdrawal
Brightflashinglights
Hormone imbalance
F at
ax ornx
cigarettes
TV computers
uncontrolled electrical
the
brain
A seizure
IS Called
lasting
bit different
than
focal
onset
tonic clonic
Absent
5 mins
onset
simple
complex
affect certain
grisaffthe
unknown
onset
we don't know
what caused
t
i
CARE
ASSESSMENT
Observe and record
maintain airway
Turn on side
suction if needed
Protect from injury
Assess
Bitten tongue A
B
cyanosis
Breathing
Airway
incontinence
g
Postcoital
Remember
always
your
remember
airway
breathing
in
Tthree Major Classes
Genralized
Atonic
campmuscles
everyone
more
STATUS EPILEPTICUS
myoclonic
there are many Musclegroup
triggers and
is a
discharges
circulation
and
patient safety
ACTIVESEIZURE
I
STROKE CVA BRAIN ATTACK
When
flow
blood
to
something
of
a
vessel
part
bursts
the
brain
bleed
then'É
A
inadequate
iÉ
blood
blocks
ood
in
flow
Treated with similar surgical
TPA to bust symptoms interventions
clot Given
within 3 4.5
hrs
of onset
a
and deficits to
CT
MRI
TBP
Thrombolytic
time
Embolic
is
is
tissue
RISK
when
symptoms
within
that
Race
Heredity
pt
FACTORS
Von Modifiable
Gender
AGE
stop
Quick change
mentation
possible
in
has
COMPLETELY
of
onset
hrs
24
RISK
a
q
bleeding
factors
TIA ATA
or a
stroke
resolve
DEFICITS SOME
symptoms
Modifiable ingthitive man
resolve
sensory
TBP
some mall
neglect
heart disease
be
Elimination
alcohol drugs Aphasia
Permanen
obesity
inactivity
B'd's'd do
Ly
Diabetes
TIA
smoking
stress
HX
get
cholesterol
Tamatic Brain Injuries
FA S T
face
arm speech Time
Intracranial
Pressor
178 t CSFlio1
Brain
tissue
Concussions
and Intravascular blood
Contusion Coup contrecoup must
remain
constant
skull
fractures
Normal ICP 5 15mmHg
Epidural hematoma
High ICP must be treated
Fast bleed think
epi makes your fast
subdural hematoma
intracerebral hemorrhage
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
EEIPIFERAL NEUROPATHY
Pain felt because of
to nerves
irritation
may
numbness and
damage
Nerve
cause
tingling
Feet
Many
in
risk
hands
factors
andtINffstriad
control BP
Examine feet daily
shoes at all times
avoid not cold
use assistive devices
for
walking
chronic condition
Trim
toe
nails
pulse
THR irregular RR widen
Pressure
Norsing
care
maintain Oz
therapy
Drug
control fever
Elevate 40131307
limit
stimuli
promote nutrition
watch respiratory pattern
neutral alignment of
head and neck