Table of Contents • INTRODUCTION………………………………………………… 01 • Background of the Study…………………………………………. 01 • Statement of the Problem………………………………………… 02 • Hypothesis………………………………………………………… 02 • Conceptual Framework………………………………………...… 03 • Significance of the Study…………………………………………. 03 • Scope and Limitation…………………………………………….. 04 • Definition of Term....………………………………………………04 • REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE……………………………05 • METHODOLOGY……………………………………………….. .06 • Materials…………………………………………………………….06 • Paradigm of the study........................................................................06 • Procedure…………………………………………………………....07 • Sampling / Subject Selection…………………………………….....07 • Plans and Procedure for the Data Processing and Analysis……...08 • Statictical Data……………………………………………………....9 • RESULT AND DICUSSION..............................................................10 • CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDTION...................................11 • BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………. .12 A Potential Insecticidal Spray from Capsicum annuum (Chile Pepper) (Dumbcane) as a termite killer and Dieffenbachia Chapter I: Introduction Background of the study Termites is one of the insect problems in the world. It destroys and weakening furniture, woods etc.If they didn’t take care about their items, termites can eat easily. Some of the people are worried about this problem. A successful study to stops the production and destruction of items in our country. The researchers are studies to stop the production of termites. By finding fruits and plants that can kill the termites. The goal of this project is to investigate if an aqueous extract from chili pepper and dieffenbachia have any insecticidal effect on insects, specifically termites. Termites can cause destruction in furniture , houses, or anthing made up of wood. If this research proves to be successful, there can now be an alternative solution to this problem and it is also possible that it can be used in the fight against other insect pest. 1 B. Statement of the problem A. General Problem This study aimed to produce Insecticide out of Chile pepper and Dieffenbachia seguine extract. B. Specific Problem 1. Is there extract from chile pepper and dieffenbachia seguine effective as insecticide against termites? 2. What is the best proportion of the chile pepper and Dieffenbachia can kill termites 3. Is there a significant difference between Chile pepper and Dieffenbachia insecticide and Commercial insecticide in terms of: a. Number of dead termites b. Length of time to kill termites c. Tolerability of odor C. Hypothesis Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between the Chile Pepper and Dumbcane as Potential Insecticidal Termites Killer and Commercial Insectides In terms of mortality of termites ,length of time to kill termites, and tolerability of odor. 2 D. Conceptual Frame Work This research study will be focused on the potential insecticidal termites killer of Chile pepper and Dieffenbachia. Proper and careful laboratory method and techniques such as collection and shredding of leaves, extraction, preparation of solution and the test for the possibility of the natural insecticide will be done. Independent Variable Dependent Variable Chile pepper and Dieffenbachia leaves extract at varying concentration 25%, 50%, 100% Mortality rate to kill the termites. Length of time it takes to kill the termites Commercial Insecticide E. Significance of the study 1. People and Industry. It is a springboard towards the discovery of potentially new natural products of insecticide from plants such as Chili pepper and Dieffenbachia. The inseciticidal product will be healthy and environment- friendly. People living in far- flung areas and places that cannot access the modern commercial products will also be benefited by this study. 3 2. Future Researchers. The results of this study will serve as a baseline information and serves as a reference for future researchers. 3.The Researcher. This study can contribute to the pool of knowledge about the insecticidal properties of plants like Chile pepper and Dieffenbachia. Ultimately, the result of this study can serve as a potential solution to the local problems on termites. F. Scope Limitations This study was focused in the preparation of Chile pepper and Dieffenbachia leaves extract as termites killer The plants and materials was gathered and studied at the Science Laboratory of Science Department of Mataas na Paaralang Juan C. Laya on July to September 2016. H. Definition of terms Dumb Cane - common name for some plants frequently grown as ornamental foliage plants (see Arum). Termite - common name for numerous species of social insects that can damage wooden structures such as furniture or houses. Insecticide - chemical substance used o kill insects Chilli pepper - genus of related plants, containing 10 species, including the common red pepper, varieties of which are important food plants. Extract - is a substance made by the extracting of some raw materials often by using a solvent such as ethanol or water. Extracts maybe sold as tinctures or in powder form. 4 II. Review Related Literature The higher termites (Temitidae) are keystone species and ecosystem engineers. They have exceptional biomass and play important roles in decomposition of dead plant matter, in soil manipulation, and as the primary food for many animals, especially in the tropics. These termites are known to cause colossal destruction of human property resulting in great economic loss. These termites are known to cause an estimated two billion dollars in preventive control, damage and repair costs each year. The subterranean habitat of such termites makes it very difficult to treat infestation sites with conventional insecticides. It has become increasingly apparent that widespread use of synthetic chemical pesticides has caused detrimental environmental effects that are harmful to humans. Residual pesticides have been found in food, ground water and throughout the environment. Many of these pesticides are toxic or carcinogenic or are otherwise detrimental to humans and animals as well as fish. The inventory of conventional insecticides is greatly reduced because of stricter restrictions and regulatory guidelines based on environmental concerns and safety measures. Currently, baits containing chitin synthesis inhibitors (which disrupt molting), is the main tool used for termite control. In spite of being effective, it has two drawbacks; the termites have to first find the bait and additionally the process of colony elimination may take anywhere up to three months. The latter projection is based on the fact that only about 1% of the termite workers in a colony molts each day. 5 Chilli, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae) is a very popularly grown spice crop in most of tropical and sub-tropical countries. The chilli crop was thought of to be native of India but in reality, it was originated from South America and brought to India by Portuguese during 15th century . Chilli is one of the largest grown cash crop in Asia and also very widely used in India by inform of both raw and processed products due to its ‘capsaicin’ content that gives burning sensation in taste. In addition to its culinary uses, it has high medicinal value against day-to-day infectious diseases. In India the productivity of chilli is very low due to several factors among which insect and mite pests are most destructive . Continuous change in insect-pest trend became barrier in its growth and cultivation. The major insects that attacked chilli are mites (Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks), thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood), aphids (Myzus persicae Sulzer and Aphis gossypii Glover) and Fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) etc. Among the above insects, due to chilli thrips and mites only the estimated loss tuned upto 50 per cent. According to Utah Valley University, Homemade chili powder sprays can protect plants against insects and other pests that may be eating the garden. Chili powder spray won't kill all insects, but the spray will repel most insects and other pests that eat garden plants. It should not be sprayed directly on fruits, vegetables or herbs meant for the table as they could end up tasting like chili powder. Limit the spray to nonedible leaves. Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott (Araceae) is an herbaceous perennial plant. It was introduced in Malaysia as an ornamental plant. This present study is mainly to determine the growth pattern, biomass allocation and chemical control of D. seguine in oil palm area at Kampung Terasi, Sadong Jaya, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak. Five quadrates of 1 m × 1 m were established in both area, open and shaded areas in 4 years old oil palm plantation. The highest total number of plants and leaves were recorded at the open area. While shaded areas have the highest value for the leaf area (LA), the specific leaf area (SLA) and the leaf area ratio (LAR). The plant parts that contribute to the highest biomass partitioned are, the roots and stems at the opened areas and the leaves and petioles for shaded areas. The highest sprouting of D. seguine via stem cutting was recorded during the immature growth stage and when the plant has three nodes. Six treatment were done to control this plant, however it does not show 100% desiccation effects. The three single treatments are, 2,4-D dimethylamine, metsulfuron methyl and paraquat dichloride and the three combination treatments are, 2,4-D dimethylamine and metsulfuron methyl, paraquat dichloride and metsulfuron methyl and lastly metsulfuron methyl and glyphosate-isopropylammonium. The most effective method to control the growth of D. seguine is the combination of 2,4-D dimethylamine and metsulfuron methyl. III. Methology A. Materials Chopping board Beaker Graduated Dieffenbachia leaves cylinder Mortal pestle Termites Watch Glass chili pepper B. Paradigm of the Study INPUT 1. Extract of Capsicum Annuum (Chili pepper) and Dieffenbachia (Dumbcane) 2. Commercial Termicide POROCESS - Phytochemical Analysis -Application of the Product -Observation -Data and Analysis OUTPUT Termiticidal Potency of Capsicum Annuum (Chili pepper) and Dieffenbachia (Dumbcane) Extract 6 B.Procedure Prepare all the needed materials for the study. Wash the Chili pepper and Dieffenbachia leaves The leaves were dried in the oven until they became brittle. The leaves were then crushed and then ground into fine powder using a Blender. Then the powdered chili pepper and dieffenbachia leaves were mixed with water at a ratio of 1 gram of powdered chili pepper and dieffenbachia leaves to 50 milliliters of water. The mixture was boiled and then strained and filtered. The filtrate was temporarily stored inside a refrigerator. C. Sampling/ Subject selection Table 1: Preparation of Different Concentrations. Samples Volume of Chile pepper leaves Volume of Dieffenbachia extract leaves extract (mL) (mL) A 30 70 B 50 50 C 70 30 T4 (Commercial) 7 Plans and Procedure for the Data Processing Samples Number of Dead Total Number Dead Termites after 30 Termitess of MEAN minutes R1 R2 R3 A 10 10 10 B 7 7 7 C 5 5 5 D (Commercial) 10 10 10 Table 2:Proportion of Chile pepper and Dieffenbachia leaves extract Table 3: Mean percent mortality of mosquitoes Samples Percent Mortality Mean R1 R2 R3 Mortality A 100% 100% 100% B 70% 70% 70% C 50% 50% 50% D(Commercial) 100% 100% 100% 8 Percent A. Statistical Data Table 4: Analysis of Variant of Varied Concentration in the Preparation of the Insecticide using Chile pepper and Dieffenbachia Source of Degree of Sum Variation Freedom of Mean of FC Squares Squares Treatment Error Trial 9 TAB F .01 .05 IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Table 1 Samples Number of Dead Termitess after 30 minutes R1 R2 R3 T1 10 10 10 T2 7 7 7 T3 5 5 5 T4 (Commercial) 10 10 10 Table 1 show that treatment 1 and 4 has the highest mortality rate of termites in 30 minutes. However, the Treatment 2 kills 7 termites in 30 minutes and Treatment 3 has the lowest mortality rate of termites. 10 TABLE 2 Samples Percent Mortality R1 R2 R3 A 100% 100% 100% B 70% 70% 70% C 50% 50% 50% D(Commercial) 100% 100% 100% The table 2 shows the percentage of mortality rate of termites. The treatment 1 and 4 has the highest percentage of mortality rate of termites because the treatment 4 is commercial. Treatment 3 has the lowest percentage of mortality rate of termites. 10 V. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusion After the finalization of the experiment, these are following findings: Insecticidal spray can be prepared from chili pepper extract and dieffenbachia leaves extract as killer termites It is also economical, environmental friendly and not harmful to humans There is no significant difference between Chile pepper and Dieffenbachia insecticide and Commercial insecticide in terms of: A. Number of dead termites B. Length of time to kill termites C. Tolerability of odor Recommendation Based on the results obtained from the conclusions, the recommendation listed by the researchers are follows: 1. Continuation of the study can be done to create more effective products that could contribute to our society. 2. To further investigate what are the uses of other extracted component of chili pepper and dieffenbachia. 3. The potential insecticidal spray from chili pepper and dieffenbachia is highly recommended to every body. 11 VI. 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