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LITERATURE REVIEWS
THEORY ARCHITECTURE MODERN PETER BEHRENS & ADOLF
LOOS
INTRODUCTION
one _ movement very architecture _ big is modern times or so known with movement
modern architecture . Idea modernism in architecture caused by various progress in the field
knowledge knowledge And technology . Architecture modern Firsttimes appear And thriving
on a speaking earth _ Germany ( Ashadi , 2016). Then known in the West at the same time with
revolution industry (1760-1870). Modern architectural era be marked with simplification of
ideas design from ideas shaped _ complicated .
one _ enough character _ famous with his work in the era of Modern Architecture is Peter
Behrens And Adolf Loos. Although own view Which The same to theoryModern Architecture ,
second architect This own character And characteristic typical in every writing And his work .
LITERATURE REVIEWS
Background Behind
Peter Behrens and Adolf Loos are figure movement Modern Architecture own
background behind different life _ before become a Architect . Peter Behrens even No own
background behind education Architecture . He at first Work as painter , illustrator And binder
book in a manner artisanal. On year 1899 Behrens accept invitation from Grand Duke ErnstLudwig of Hesse to become member second from Colony The new Darmstadt artist
inaugurated . After join with colony the , He designing And build his house Alone along with
whole the furniture . The house which is point come back his life become A that achievement
convinced him For enter world architecture . In the process , he switch from Art style Nouveau
fashionable _ to type more design _ simple .
Meanwhile Adolf Loos start his career at the College of Engineering Kingdom And
Imperial in Rechenberg , bohemian And Then use up One year in military . He Studyat the
College of Technology in Dresden during three year , and Then go to America States , where
it is Work as craftsman stone , mason install floors , and washer plate . As student , Adolf Loos
interested on works classic And Schinkel . Moment be in US, He visit Exhibition World
Columbians year 1893. He become impressed by efficiency architecture America, And He
come For admire work Louis Sullivan about application
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ornamentation on architecture . This is what it becomes beginning from his view to world
Architecture . Adolf Loos ' tastes developed considerably during three year live in America
United .
View To Style Architecture
Although You're welcome known as figure Architecture Modern, Peter Behrens And
AdolfLoos own character Which different in every writing And his work . Peter Behrensis
Wrong One pioneer architecture modernist german . In Munich And Darmstadt, Behrensknown
as artist art Nouveau. Initially He Also is adherents Architecture Classic , will but believed
classism _ is results his thoughts alone . Then He switch from second style This to type more
design _ simple . Behrens thought return about classic , He remove all details Which No
essential , support clarity And beauty mathematical from proportions , tightness contour , as
well firm construction . _ Behrensown view style free architecture _ from element ornament
And history . In his work , Peter Behrens enter Lots features modern And utilisecompletely
new materials like steel And glass . Peter Behrens too participate designing furniture
appropriate _ with style the architecture .
Adolf Loos has same view _ And reject style classic in a manner hard . If Peter Behrens
start with use material on his work , Adolf Loos precisely start his criticism about use ornament
after see work Louis Sullivanabout application ornamentation on architecture . Adolf Loos
Also against Art movement Nouveau Which decorative And looked at him too childish . He
called out rejection from use ornament For period time many years And concentrate fully on
production formed building _ with Good And beautiful in form " naked " without exists any
additional ornaments .
In In his essay Ornament and Crime, Loos says "the evolution of culture marches with
the elimination of ornaments from useful objects". Ia argue that ornament can cause object
become ancient (out of style), so become worn And conclude that ornament is sign
degeneration . He say that addition ornament is A crime . Loos argues ornament excessive And
criminal No For reason moral Which abstract , but Because economy power Work And land
wastedin civilization modern industry . In writing otherwise , Loos refused hard contrasting
façade _And interior use luxury .
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Loos cursed ornament And propose For deletion ornament from object everyday . He
claim that journey going to progress in history moment ornament No Again become part from
design . He argue that our building _ design reflect morality We as society . If We life in Century
modern, so everyWhich There is on era That must The same modern . Adolf Loos argue that
enterno decoration _ need is waste Money for designers , and _ waste timein development .
Although own difference in method convey his views , Peter Behrens and Adolf Loos has
similarity in his works that is prioritize function . Peter Behrens proposed that form determined
only by function , and so did Adolf Loos suggested _ that public must embrace existing forms
_ For serve something function with notice practicality economy And quality utilitarian Andall
something outside _ functional must omitted . He Also supporters the "Form follow functions".
Second Architect This Also reject use ornament in every his work .
Characteristics And Characteristic Typical
In every by Peter Behrens and Adolf Loos own character And characteristic typical
different . _ Peter Behrens is pioneer in field design industry . He is supporters transformation
And use new technology , structure , and material like glass or steel . Characteristic other Which
seen is use forms symmetrical on everythe building as well as use colors natural .
Fig.1 AEG Turbine Factory ( left ) and BahrensBau ( right ) by Peter Behrens Source
: Google search
Whereas characteristic from by Adolf Loos that is exterior without ornament , will but
the interior rich will function And volume, simplicity on the facade seen on
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surface smooth facade _ And without decoration , roof flat , use color white , window
horizontally with pattern longitude cage , use form symmetrical , use of ' raumplan ' (floor plan
/ plan ) that takes into account order And size interior space based function , as well every room
own different elevations , with _ floor And palate arranged on different heights _ also.
Fig.2 Villa Karma ( left ) and Villa Winternitz ( right ) by Adolf LoosSource
: Google search