Hypokalemia & Hyperkalemia Cheat Sheet
by harpieee via cheatography.com/71374/cs/18169/
HYPOKA​LEMIA: Risk Factors
HYPOKA​LEMIA: Notes
Excessive
Adverse effects of
diapho​resis
medica​tions
Kidney disease
Cortic​ost​eroids
Vomiting
Dietary deficiency
Diuretics
Diarrhea
HYPERK​ALEMIA: Risk Factors
Alkalosis
Digitalis
Wound drainage
Renal failure
Adrenal insuff​iciency
Laxatives (abuse of)
Nasoga​stric
Acidosis
Excessive potassium intake
suction
Medica​tions: potass​ium​-sp​aring diuretics, ACE inhibitors
Body fluid loss
NEVER give K+ IV bolus. MUST dilute.
"No P = No K." If the client is not urinating, do NOT administer potassium.
HYPOKA​LEMIA: Manife​sta​tions
HYPERK​ALEMIA: Manife​sta​tions
Muscle weakness, cramping
Fatigue
Peaked T-waves (ECG)
Ventri​cular dysrhy​thmias
Nausea, vomiting
Irrita​bility, confusion
Muscle twitching and parest​hesia (early)
Increased bowel motility
Decreased bowel motility
Parest​hesia
Ascending muscle weakness (late)
Dysrhy​thmias
Flat and/or inverted T waves (ECG)
HYPERK​ALEMIA: Nursing Interv​entions
HYPOKA​LEMIA: Nursing Interv​entions
Monitor respir​atory status
Initiate fall precau​tions
Initiate and monitor potassium replac​ement
Monitor ECG
(oral, IV)
Monitor I&O
Monitor arterial HCO3
and pH
Reinforce client teaching: dietary sources, medica​tions
Admi​nister medica​tions
Monitor ECG
Kayexalate (monitor bowel sounds)
Monitor bowel sounds
50% glucose with insulin
Initiate dialysis
Calcium gluconate
Dietary restri​ction and teaching
Bicarb​onate
Loop diuretics
By harpieee
Published 6th December, 2018.
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Last updated 4th January, 2019.
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