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Classification of fractures
Prepaired by:
1- Amin makhdoom
How can we define fracture?
• Fracture: loss of bone integrity resulting from
mechanical injury and /or diminished bone
strength
• It has so many classification according to:
Displaced fracture
displacement
Penetration
of skin
Non displaced fracture
Complete fracture
Incomplete fracture
Completion
of fracture
Orientation
of break
Open fracture
Closed fracture
Vertical fracture
Transverse fracture
Based on relationship with external environment:
1 open fracture:
Fracture with break in the overlaying skin in
which communicate with the external place.
*Risk of infection
*It can be divided into 1-internally open 2externally open
2 closed fracture:
is when the bone breaks but there is
no puncture or open wound in
the skin
Based on pattern:
# complete fracture :• 1-transverse fracture:
• Fracture that is perpendicular to
the long axis of bone
• smaller than 30
• 2-Oblique fracture:
• When the force hit the bone in
oblique
• Greater than 30
Cont.
• 3- segmented fracture:
• A fracture in which there are 3 different pieces
in one bone
• If there is more than3 pieces it is considered as
comminuted
4- spiral fracture:
Rotational fraction due to torsion force
Usually in more than 1 plane
# incomplete fracture:-
Cont.
• 5-hair like fracture:
• Very small crack in the
affected bone
6- green stick fracture:
Incomplete fracture in which
the bone is bent
Based on displacement:
• 1-non displaced fracture:
• In which the bone is broken
but not moved in place
2- displaced fracture:
Proximal and distal fractured bones are
displaced
It has 3 types
A-angulation B- shift C- rotation
Risk factors of fracture:
Alcohol
consumption
Some drugs
Old age
Low bone
mineral
density
Family history
Weight loss
Thank you for your attention
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