Social Development – Paper 2 This unit will cover: • What is development? What is economic and social development? • How do we measure social development? • What is the social development gap and social development continuum? • How do population trends in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia affect social development? • Why is child labour an issue? • What are the challenges of educating children, especially girls and how can this be tackled? • Why are there many refugees and asylum seekers from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia? What can be done about this? • Why are infant mortality rates so high? • What are the impacts of HIV and Malaria? How can these be managed? • What is the best way to support development? Top-down or bottom up approaches? What is development and how do we measure it? Development is the process of change which improves the wealth and quality of life of people. India Malawi United Kingdom USA Saudi Arabia Brazil Do Now Write the countries in rank order – start with the country you think is most developed at the top. Try to think about reasons why you think this. Which country is most developed? Economic Development Indicators Gross National Income (GNI) per capita – a measure of the total economic output of a country, including income from foreign investments, divided by its population. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) – The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year Which country is most developed? The development gap The world’s High and Low income Countries. The colours indicate GNI per capita. In 1980, the Brandt Report was published, dividing the world into the _____ developed global south and the _____ developed global north. The line dividing the richer and poorer countries became known as the ___________divide or the ______ line. However, it is now considered too simplistic to divide the world into rich and poor. In reality, there is a development ____________ , a sliding scale, from the very poor countries to the super-rich countries. The ______ Bank (an international financial institution) divides _________ into four categories according to their GNI per capita: High-income Countries (HICs) Upper-middle-income countries Lower-middle-income countries Low-income countries (LICs) Brandt World north-south countries more continuum less In 1980, the Brandt Report was published, dividing the world into the less developed global south and the more developed global north. The line dividing the richer and poorer countries became known as the north-south divide or the Brandt line. However, it is now considered too simplistic to divide the world into rich and poor. In reality, there is a development continuum, a sliding scale, from the very poor countries to the super-rich countries. The World Bank (an international financial institution) divides countries into four categories according to their GNI per capita: High-income Countries (HICs) Upper-middle-income countries Lower-middle-income countries Low-income countries (LICs) Brandt World north-south countries more continuum less What does the development gap and the development continuum mean? Hans Rosling's 200 Countries, 200 Years, 4 Minutes - The Joy of Stats - BBC Four – YouTube Watch the video and consider if the development gap between the richest and the poorest countries is the same today as it has always been Sort the statements into strengths and weaknesses of using just economic data to determine level of development Can be manipulated by governments wanting to seem poor in order to receive aid It doesn’t take into account other factors that show development Simple to calculate It gives an average overview of a country Prices for goods vary across the world We can use economic data to analyse trends over time Hides inequalities, does not show the distribution of wealth in a country Easy to rank countries Does not take into account informal economies (very important in LICs) Sort the statements into strengths and weaknesses of using just economic data to determine level of development Can be manipulated by governments wanting to seem poor in order to receive aid It doesn’t take into account other factors that show development Simple to calculate It gives an average overview of a country Prices for goods vary across the world We can use economic data to analyse trends over time Hides inequalities, does not show the distribution of wealth in a country Easy to rank countries Does not take into account informal economies (very important in LICs) Independent Work: Exam Practice Suggest two limitations of using economic indicators to measure development (4) One limitation of using economic data to measure development is…. This means that… A second limitation is…. This means that… What other ways could we measure development? Can be manipulated by governments wanting to seem poor in order to receive aid It gives an average overview of a country Prices for goods vary across the world Can be manipulated by governments wanting to seem poor in order to receive aid It gives an average overview of a country Prices for goods vary across the world It doesn’t take into account other factors that show development We can use economic data to analyse trends over time Easy to rank countries It doesn’t take into account other factors that show development We can use economic data to analyse trends over time Easy to rank countries Simple to calculate Hides inequalities, does not show the distribution of wealth in a country Does not take into account informal economies (very important in LICs) Simple to calculate Hides inequalities, does not show the distribution of wealth in a country Does not take into account informal economies (very important in LICs) Can be manipulated by governments wanting to seem poor in order to receive aid It gives an average overview of a country Prices for goods vary across the world Can be manipulated by governments wanting to seem poor in order to receive aid It gives an average overview of a country Prices for goods vary across the world It doesn’t take into account other factors that show development We can use economic data to analyse trends over time Easy to rank countries It doesn’t take into account other factors that show development We can use economic data to analyse trends over time Easy to rank countries Simple to calculate Hides inequalities, does not show the distribution of wealth in a country Does not take into account informal economies (very important in LICs) Simple to calculate Hides inequalities, does not show the distribution of wealth in a country Does not take into account informal economies (very important in LICs)
