WRITING
FUNDAMENTALS
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How to write a proper introduction
The introduction consists of 3 parts:
1. Topic sentence (Hook): Your first sentence sets the tone for the whole
essay, make it interesting and catchy.
Example
- The internet is an extremely important invention. X
- The invention of the internet is a big turning point in the history of human
beings.
2. Background Information: Give a little information about your topic,
DON’T give a lot of information and save it for the body of your writing.
Example
The whole world was depending on books and libraries to get a simple piece
of information about any topic. It was really hard as it took a huge time for
searching and making sure of the information. Until the scientists Vinton Cref
and Bob Kahn invented the internet.
3. Thesis Statement: Now it’s time to show exactly what you want to say
about the topic. This is your thesis statement—two or three statements that
sum up your whole topic.
Example
As the first tool for communicating worldwide, the internet was a
groundbreaking new technology.
Not only it made people connecting easily with each other, but also helped in
science development.
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Thesis Statement
What is a Thesis Statement?
It is often a point you want to argue or support in an essay.
What does it tell?
It is a sentence explains to the reader the main idea of the
whole essay.
How many sentences?
It is usually one or two sentences.
?Where to write it
It is often placed in the introductory paragraph of an essay.
Things to avoid while writing a thesis statement
• DO NOT USE the first person (I believe, In my opinion, etc.)
• AVOID unclear language (It seems, etc.)
• DO NOT attempt two topics at once (even if they seem related).
Pick one and stick with it.
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The Main Parts of an Essay
Essay Outline
Introduction
Paragraphs
• Start with a strong hook.
• Give some bachground information.
• State the main points you will write
about in the thesis statement.
Body
• Topic sentence 1 based on the thesis
statement.
• Supporting Details.
• Concluding sentence where you will
restate the topic sentence in a simpler
way.
Body
• Topic sentence 2 based on the thesis
statement.
• Supporting Details.
• Concluding sentence where you will
restate the topic sentence in a simpler
way.
Body
• Topic sentence 3 based on the thesis
statement.
• Supporting Details.
• Concluding sentence where you will
restate the topic sentence in a simpler
way.
Conclusion
• Restate the thesis statement and
summerize your ideas.
• DON'T give any new ideas in the
conclusion.
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Topic Sentences
• It must tell the main idea or what the whole paragraph is about.
Think of the strongest idea that you will present in your paragraph. Form the
first sentence of the paragraph about it.
Body Sentences
• They talk about the topic sentence in more details.
• They explain, describe, give reasons, or give examples.
Closing Sentence for a Paragraph
• It’s the last sentence of your paragraph.
• It shows that you have finished all your thoughts.
Writing Conclusions
•
Conclusions help to bring a text together, summarizing the main
ideas and encouraging the reader to do some thinking for themselves.
•
There are 3 steps to write a strong conclusion:
1. Restate your
2. Summarize the
3. Draw to a close
thesis statement
main points
Remind your reader with
Restate the main points
End up with a call of
your points, but say
that you want to stress
action, quotation, etc…
them differently that the
on shortly.
first paragraph.
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Studying the writing process
Brainstorming
write down any
words or ideas
you can think of.
Think about a
topic.
Cross out bad
ideas and add
details if you
need to.
Outlining
Organize your
ideas
• Decide what goes in the topic, body and
closing sentences.
• You don't need to write complete sentences.
Drafting
Write the ideas from your outline into complete sentences. Don’t
worry about making it perfect.
Editing
Make sure of the grammar, sentence structure, punctuation
marks, and the spelling of each word. DON’T write a word you are
not sure of its spelling and find a synonym.
Revising
Think about what to change in your writing to make it better.
Publishing
Write your final writing
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1-
Editing
After revising your writing, correct any grammar,
capitalization, punctuation, or spelling errors.
Grammar
-Subject – verb agreement.
-The right tense.
-The right form of sentences.
Spelling
Correct spelling by checking
up the dictionary for the
words you are not sure from.
Capitalization
-Beginning of a sentence.
- Proper nouns.
- Months, days of the week, holidays.
Punctuation
-Periods (.), question marks (?), exclamation points (!).
- Commas (,) for words in a series and between the day
and year.
- Apostrophes (‘) to show possession and contractions
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6+1 Writing Traits
Ideas
What is my message?
Is my message clear?
Organization
Did I try hard enough to make it
interesting?
Do I have enough information?
How does my paper begin?
Voice
Did I tell things in order?
Does everything link to my message?
How does my paper end?
Do I really like this paper?
Does this sound like me?
How do I want my readers to feel?
What is my favourite part?
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Word Choice
Have I used words I really love?
Can my reader tell what my words mean?
Have I used any new words?
Did I repeat words too many times?
Sentence Fluency
Did I use sentences?
Conventions
Did my sentences begin in different ways?
Did I use long and short sentences?
Does my paper sound smooth as I listen?
Did I use a title?
Did I leave spaces?
Did I use capitals?
Did I use punctuation?
Could another person read it easily?
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