Reproduction
Types of Reproduction
•
Sexual reproduction
-
Two parents are required to produce offspring whose traits come
from both parents.
•
Asexual reproduction
- A single parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
Sexual Reproduction in Plants

Flowering plants or ANGIOSPERMS – adapted for sexual reproduction
Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Pollination – transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the pistil.

Self pollination – same flower

Cross-pollination – another plant of the same species. Ensures genetic recombination.
Double Fertilization
Asexual Reproduction in Plants

Offsprings produced by asexual reproduction are called CLONES.

Vegetative propagation – naturally-occurring production of new plants
from non-reproductive plant parts.
Asexual Reproduction in Plants

Artificial propagation – when humans manipulate production of new plants from
non-reproductive plant parts.

Grafting – stems

Budding – buds used as scions
Methods of Reproduction
in Some Animals
Hydra

Organisms of the genus Hydra lives in freshwater lakes, ponds and streams.
Sponges
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Cnidarians: Jellyfish
Starfish
Flatworms
Annelids