A
Training Report
On
STUDENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Submitted for Partial Fulfilment of the Award of
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in CSE Department
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra
Submitted By:
PRIYANSHU CHHOKAR
1221279
University Roll No.-2021220129
Submitted to:
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
JMIT Radaur
Affiliated to Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra
1
Declaration
I hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the
training report entitled, “Student Information System” by me,
PRIYANSHU CHHOKAR (Roll no. 1221279) in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Computer Science & Engineering at JMIT Radaur (Affiliated to
Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra) is an authentic report of my
own work carried out under the supervision of Er. Sharry Verma
(PRIYANSHU CHHOKAR)
2
Acknowledgement
The writing of this training report has been assisted by the generous
help of many people. I feel that I was very fortunate to receive
assistance from them. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to
them.
First and foremost, I am indebted to my principal supervisor, Er. Sharry
Verma, Contriverz, Mohali who has been very supportive at every stage
of my preparations. I wish to express my utmost gratitude to her for
her invaluable advice and patience in reading, correcting and
commenting on the drafts of the report and, more importantly, for her
generosity which I have received throughout my training program.
I would like to acknowledge and extended my heartfelt gratitude to Dr.
Gaurav Sharma, Head of Department who provided me the golden
opportunity to undergo and complete this training program.
I wish to express my thanks to Er. Rajiv Bansal who also helped me in
conducting this study and encouraged me throughout this journey.
Finally, I am particularly indebted to my dearest parents without their
generous assistance and love; this dissertation could never have been
completed.
Priyanshu Chhokar
Roll No. 1221279
3
Preface
Objectives of the Training:
Creatrix Campus offers sophisticated and state-of-the-art student information
system that is engineered to bring total quality for colleges and universities of
any size to accomplish any task. The SIS for colleges connect departments and
improve academic and administrative processes to help students achieve
success. The online college management system also supports seamless
integration with Moodle and other prominent software system.
Using the SIS, all the departments within the college or university can be
synchronized and accessed by students, faculty and parents from website and
mobile devices to view and perform functions such as admission, attendance,
grades, timetable, report card, library, hostel and more. College administrators
can send automatic email notifications and SMS alerts on to students, faculty
and parents. Customized reports can be generated on demand using the college
management system.
4
.
Table of Contents
Certificate of Training (Photo Copy Only) ....................................................... i
Declaration..................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgement ......................................................................................... iii
Preface (Objective of the Training) ................................................................. iv
Table of Contents ........................................................................................... v
Profile of the Company & Training Division ..................................................... vi
5
Company Profile
Contriverz, Mohali is a leading training institute in providing careeroriented education to the students so as to equip them with requisite
qualification and training. This will enable them either to take up a
gainful employment or start their own enterprise and become selfsufficient. The organization has adequate infrastructure to cater the
needs of training courses being offered including a full-fledged Library
and Computer labs.
Contriverz is totally alive to the needs and aspirations of the student
community and keeps itself abreast of the changes taking place on the
industrial front of the country and excelling in their field by providing
industry oriented trainings in the area of Object Oriented Programming
through Visual Studio Dot Net 2012 & Advanced Java, PRO-E,
Embedded Systems, CISCO and Animation etc.
The Contriverz has has well trained, competent, experienced and highly
dedicated faculty to impart theoretical as well as practical learning to
its students, Regular involvement of the expert outside faculty having
in-line experience from reputed institutions and organizations help in
improving the quality and gives wider exposure to the students.
The Institute has good market rapport and sponsors their students for
various live industrial projects during and after the training to inculcate
their skills and knowledge to the practical world. The Institute is
committed to provide quality vocational and technical education to its
students, so as to boost their morale and instill new confidence to
prepare them to accept the challenges of life and put their best foot
forward in the march to success for betterment of their lot.
6
Chapters
Introduction
Aim and Objective
Scope of Study
Feasibility Study
C++ Introduction
Functional & Non – Functional Requirement
Data Flow Diagram
ER Diagram
Coding
Screenshots
Implementation
Conclusion
Recommendations
7
Introduction
Student Information System:
Creatrix Campus offers sophisticated and state-of-the-art student information system
that is engineered to bring total quality for colleges and universities of any size to
accomplish any task. The SIS for colleges connect departments and improve academic
and administrative processes to help students achieve success. The online college
management system also supports seamless integration with Moodle and other
prominent software system.
Using the SIS, all the departments within the college or university can be
synchronized and accessed by students, faculty and parents from website and mobile
devices to view and perform functions such as admission, attendance, grades,
timetable, report card, library, hostel and more. College administrators can send
automatic email notifications and SMS alerts on to students, faculty and parents.
Customized reports can be generated on demand using the college management
system.
The top 10 features of online student information system for colleges and universities
includes:
1. Student Management
Create student profiles with unlimited custom categories and fields including
demographic data, enrollment, attendance, schedule and more, and share academic
records with faculties, and administrators.
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2. Enrollment
Enroll for academic courses and monitor the progress of students through the degree
program with the flexibility to view course timetable and events in the calendar.
3. Attendance
Allows teachers to mark attendance in the class and send attendance reports to
administrators. Streamline attendance tracking and automatically send notifications to
parents through SMS, email, and messaging.
4. Grades
Allows teachers to assess the proficiency of students and add custom fields for
grading. Automatically calculate final grade based on standards, points system,
weighted average and flow into the report card.
5. Examination
Enables faculty to upload question papers and create examination to students with
dates and timings. Administrators can create exam venues, assign classrooms and
invigilators, and generate results for all the students.
6. Event scheduling
Using the online calendar, colleges can schedule meetings, programs, holidays, and
events for the targeted audience including students, faculty, parents and alumni.
7. Library
Enable library administrators to manage transactions such issues, returns, circulation,
fines, pertaining to books and digital media with the ability to send automatic
reminders to members.
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8. Hostel
Create and configure different types of hostels for students and staff based on location,
number of floors and rooms. Manage room reservation to students based on room size,
occupancy and other facilities.
9. Financial Aid & Scholarship
View financial aid packages to students. Track financial aid and scholarship
information from application through automatic disbursement to student account and
drive student success.
10. Transportation
Allocate bus services to students and staff and manage bus routes including pick-up
and drop off at pre-defined destinations according to college timings.
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Objective
This system can be used to manage and keep track of information such as
lecture times, lecture attendance and student marks. This system will serve as a useful
interface between lecturers and the students.
This system will be hosted on the college intranet so as to prevent outside
hacks into the system. After a student has signed up for the lectures for a semester the
system will automatically create a student schedule. The lecturer can also schedule
extra lectures using this system and the system will automatically parse the schedules
of all the students attending the lecture to find and resolve any scheduling conflicts.
Lecturers will be able to access the system in the classroom and take
attendance directly using the softw63are. This attendance will automatically be logged
in and both the students and lecturer will be able to access this information at any
time. Students will be informed if they are close to being short of the required
attendance.
Lecturers will also be able to post marks for the various tests and exams using
this system. Students need not have to crowd at the lecturer’s office for the same.
Students can also raise doubts about the marks awarded and the attendance noted
using this system. The system will maintain a record of doubts and the lecturer can
personally resolve these doubts.
At the end of the semester students have to submit documents pertaining to
their attendance or marks to the academic department for verification, this process can
be automated with the presence of this system. The system will automatically collate
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the attendance and mark details for each student individually and submit verified
reports of the same.
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Existing System: Student Information Management System:The existing system consists of different attendance and mark files maintained
by the lecturer. These file have to be verified and collated by an official before it can
be entered into the official record. Students often have to pester their lecturers or the
academic department to view their attendance details and marks before publication
and only then are they able to raise any doubts about the same. There is a whole lot of
paper that is wasted in this whole process as well
System Analysis is a detailed study of the various operations performed by a system
and their relationships within and outside of the system. Here the key question iswhat all problems exist in the present system? What must be done to solve the
problem? Analysis begins when a user or manager begins a study of the program
using existing system.
During analysis, data collected on the various files, decision points and
transactions handled by the present system. The commonly used tools in the system
are Data Flow Diagram, interviews, etc. Training, experience and common sense are
required for collection of relevant information needed to develop the system. The
success of the system depends largely on how clearly the problem is defined,
thoroughly investigated and properly carried out through the choice of solution. A
good analysis model should provide not only the mechanisms of problem
understanding but also the frame work of the solution. Thus it should be studied
thoroughly by collecting data about the system. Then the proposed system should be
analyzed thoroughly in accordance with the needs.
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System analysis can be categorized into four parts.
System planning and initial investigation
Information Gathering
Applying analysis tools for structured analysis
Feasibility study
Cost/ Benefit analysis.
In the current system we need to keep a number of records related to the student and
want to enter the details of the student and the marks manually. In this system only the
teacher or the school authority views the mark of the student and they want to enter
the details of the student. This is time consuming and has much cost.
Proposed System
The proposed system will be entirely maintained on the college intranet, this
will ensure that students will be able to easily access this information at any time.
Constant access to this information will enforce accountability both on the lecturer’s
part to update the information and on the student’s part to ensure that the data is
accurate. End of semester formalities will become easier with access to an
automatically collated and verified report. Lecturers will also be able to easily
schedule extra classes for students. Students can be ensured that the system will
inform them about any extra class.
In our proposed system we have the provision for adding the details of the
students by themselves. So the overhead of the school authorities and the teachers is
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become less. Another advantage of the system is that it is very easy to edit the details
of the student and delete a student when it found unnecessary. The marks of the
student are added in the database and so students can also view the marks whenever
they want.
Our proposed system has several advantages
User friendly interface
Fast access to database
Less error
More Storage Capacity
Search facility
Look and Feel Environment
Quick transaction
All the manual difficulties in managing the student details in a school or
college have been rectified by implementing computerization.
Modules
Admin: The admin module will be able to create login IDs for the student and the
lecturer. The admin module will have to enter the courses that a student has been
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enrolled for at the start of the year. The admin module can also download the collated
reports for the student at the end of the semester.
Lecturer: The lecturer module will inform the lecturer about the lectures they are
supposed to take. The lecturer can enter the attendance and the marks of each student
on this system. The lecturer can also view any doubts raised by students about the
attendance and marks using this system.
Student: The student module will enable students to view their attendance and mark
information. Students will have to verify the courses they are enrolled in at the start of
the year. They can also use the system to raise any doubts with their lecturer regarding
their attendance and marks.
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FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS - STUDENT INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Whatever we think need not be feasible .It is wise to think about the feasibility of any
problem we undertake. Feasibility is the study of impact, which happens in the
organization by the development of a system. The impact can be either positive or
negative. When the positives nominate the negatives, then the system is considered
feasible. Here the feasibility study can be performed in two ways such as technical
feasibility and Economical Feasibility.
Technical Feasibility:
We can strongly says that it is technically feasible, since there will not be much
difficulty in getting required resources for the development and maintaining the
system as well. All the resources needed for the development of the software as well
as the maintenance of the same is available in the organization here we are utilizing
the resources which are available already.
Economical Feasibility
Development of this application is highly economically feasible .The organization
needed not spend much money for the development of the system already available.
The only thing is to be done is making an environment for the development with an
effective supervision. If we are doing so, we can attain the maximum usability of the
corresponding resources .Even after the development, the organization will not be in
condition to invest more in the organization .Therefore, the system is economically
feasible.
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Functional Requirements
The functional requirements of the system are to the implement the solution for
finding the train details and route information in the large existing rail system.
Input / Output:
The user select the type of train and enter the source and destination codes with which
finds the trains details and route information.
Processing:
The information regarding train details are retrieved from the database.
Storage Requirements:
The information will be retrieved from the database.
Control Requirements:
Alerts when any errors are there and when any of the field is not selected.
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Software Requirement Specification
Hardware configuration

Processor
core i3 or above

RAM
4 MB Ram

Monitor
15 inch color

Hard disk
min. 20 GB
Software configuration

Operating system
Windows 7 Professional or above

Language
C++ - Language
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C++ Language Introduction
C++ is a general-purpose programming language that was developed as an
enhancement of the C language to include object-oriented paradigm. It is an
imperative and a compiled language.
C++ is a middle-level language rendering it the advantage of programming low-level
(drivers, kernels) and even higher-level applications (games, GUI, desktop apps
etc.). The basic syntax and code structure of both C and C++ are the same.
Some of the features & key-points to note about the programming language are as
follows:

Simple: It is a simple language in the sense that programs can be broken down
into logical units and parts, has a rich library support and a variety of data-types.

Machine Independent but Platform Dependent: A C++ executable is not
platform-independent (compiled programs on Linux won’t run on Windows),
however they are machine independent.

Mid-level language: It is a mid-level language as we can do both systemsprogramming (drivers, kernels, networking etc.) and build large-scale user
applications (Media Players, Photoshop, Game Engines etc.)

Rich library support: Has a rich library support (Both standard ~ built-in data
structures, algorithms etc.) as well 3rd party libraries (e.g. Boost libraries) for
fast and rapid development.
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
Speed of execution: C++ programs excel in execution speed. Since, it is a
compiled language, and also hugely procedural. Newer languages have extra inbuilt default features such as garbage-collection, dynamic typing etc. which slow
the execution of the program overall. Since there is no additional processing
overhead like this in C++, it is blazing fast.

Pointer and direct Memory-Access: C++ provides pointer support which aids
users to directly manipulate storage address. This helps in doing low-level
programming (where one might need to have explicit control on the storage of
variables).

Object-Oriented: One of the strongest points of the language which sets it apart
from C. Object-Oriented support helps C++ to make maintainable and extensible
programs. i.e. Large-scale applications can be built. Procedural code becomes
difficult to maintain as code-size grows.

Compiled Language: C++ is a compiled language, contributing to its speed.
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Applications of C++:
C++ finds varied usage in applications such as:

Operating Systems & Systems Programming. e.g. Linux-based OS (Ubuntu etc.)

Browsers (Chrome & Firefox)

Graphics & Game engines (Photoshop, Blender, Unreal-Engine)

Database Engines (MySQL, MongoDB, Redis etc.)
Cloud/Distributed Systems
C++ Compilers
When you write any program in C++ language then to run that program you need to
compile that program using a C++ Compiler which converts your program into a
language understandable by a computer. This is called machine language (ie. binary
format). So before proceeding, make sure you have C++ Compiler available at your
computer. It comes alongwith all flavors of Unix and Linux.
If you are working over Unix or Linux then you can type gcc -v or cc -v and check
the result. You can ask your system administrator or you can take help from anyone
to identify an available C Compiler at your computer.
If you don't have C compiler installed at your computer then you can use below given
link to download a GNU C++ Compiler and use it.
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Data Flow Diagram
DFD graphically representing the functions, or processes, which capture, manipulate,
store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and between
components of a system. The visual representation makes it a good communication
tool between User and System designer. Structure of DFD allows starting from a
broad overview and expand it to a hierarchy of detailed diagrams. DFD has often been
used due to the following reasons:

Logical information flow of the system

Determination of physical system construction requirements

Simplicity of notation

Establishment of manual and automated systems requirements
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24
Level – 1 DFD
25
Level – 2 DFD
26
ER Diagram
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Coding
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define PERSONS_LIMIT 50
int countPersons = 0;
class Persons{
public:
int Id;
char Name[20];
int Age;
char Dob[20];
char Position[30];
char Gender;
};
Persons obj[PERSONS_LIMIT];
void input(){
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if(countPersons<PERSONS_LIMIT)
{
cout<<"\n Enter id (number): ";
cin>>obj[countPersons].Id;
cout<<"\n Enter Name (20 characters): ";
cin>>obj[countPersons].Name;
cout<<"\n Enter Age (number): ";
cin>>obj[countPersons].Age;
cout<<"\n Enter DOB (dd-mm-yy): ";
cin>>obj[countPersons].Dob;
cout<<"\n Enter Position : ";
cin>>obj[countPersons].Position;
cout<<"\n Enter Gender (M/F) : ";
cin>>obj[countPersons].Gender;
countPersons++;
}
else
{
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cout<<"\n Error : Limit is only " << PERSONS_LIMIT;
}
}
void printAll(){
cout<<"\n **** **** Printing All Records **** ****";
cout<<"\n total number of persons : "<<countPersons<<endl;
for(int i=0;i<countPersons;i++){
cout<<"\n Id : "<< obj[i].Id;
cout<<"\t Name : "<<obj[i].Name;
cout<<"\t Age : "<<obj[i].Age;
cout<<"\t DOB : "<<obj[i].Dob;
cout<<"\t Position: "<<obj[i].Position;
cout<<"\t Gender : "<<obj[i].Gender;
}
}
void printbyAge(){
cout<<"\n **** **** Printing All Records by Age********";
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int count50plus =0;
int count40plus=0;
int lessthen40=0;
for(int i=0;i<countPersons;i++){
if(obj[i].Age>50)
count50plus++;
else if(obj[i].Age>40)
count40plus++;
else
lessthen40++;
}
cout<<"\n Persons more than 50 : "<<count50plus;
cout<<"\n Persons more than 40 : "<<count40plus;
cout<<"\n Persons less than 40 : "<<lessthen40;
}
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void printSexCount(){
cout<<"\n **** **** Printing All Records by Sex Count ********";
int malecount;
int femalcount;
for(int i=0;i<countPersons;i++){
if(obj[i].Gender =='M')
malecount++;
else if(obj[i].Gender=='F')
femalcount++;
}
cout<<"\n Number of Male : "<< malecount;
cout<<"\n Number of Female : "<< femalcount;
}
int main(){
int choice = -1;
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while(choice!=0){
cout<<"\n\n ============Program Menu==========";
cout<<"\n 1 Input Records ";
cout<<"\n 2 Print All Records";
cout<<"\n 3 Print by Age";
cout<<"\n 4 Print by Sex count";
cout<<"\n 0 to exit";
cout<<"\n Enter you choice : ";
cin>>choice;
switch(choice){
case 1: input(); break;
case 2: printAll();break;
case 3: printbyAge(); break;
case 4: printSexCount(); break;
case 0: cout<<"\n thank you for using software !!";break;
default: cout<<"\n Error: Invalid Selection";
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}
}
return 0;
}
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35
ScreenShot
Figure 1 Home Page
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Figure 2 Insert Student
37
Figure 3 Printing Records
38
SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION - STUDENT INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Introduction
Implementation is the stage in the project where the theoretical design is turned
into a working system. The implementation phase constructs, installs and operates the
new system. The most crucial stage in achieving a new successful system is that it will
work efficiently and effectively.
There are several activities involved while implementing a new project. They are
Ø End user training
Ø End user Education
Ø Training on the application software
Ø System Design
Ø Parallel Run and To New System
Ø Post implementation Review
End user Training:
The successful implementation of the new system will purely upon the involvement of
the officers working in that department. The officers will be imparted the necessary
training on the new technology
End User Education:
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The education of the end user start after the implementation and testing is over.
When the system is found to be more difficult to understand and complex, more effort
is put to educate the end used to make them aware of the system, giving them lectures
about the new system and providing them necessary documents and materials about
how the system can do this.
Training of application software:
After providing the necessary basic training on the computer awareness, the
users will have to be trained upon the new system such as the screen flows and screen
design type of help on the screen, type of errors while entering the data, the
corresponding validation check at each entry and the way to correct the data entered.
It should then cover information needed by the specific user or group to use the
system.
Post Implementation View:
The department is planning a method to know the states of t he past
implementation process. For that regular meeting will be arranged by the concerned
officers about the implementation problem and success.
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5.2 Project Modules - STUDENT INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Our application deals with three modules
•
User module
•
Student Module
•
Mark management Module.
User Module:
Ø In the Software we can register as a user and user has of two types, student and
administrator.
Ø Administrator has the power to add new user and can edit and delete a user. A student
can register as user and can add edit and delete his profile.
Ø The administrator can add, edit and delete marks for the student. All the users can see
the marks.
Student Module:
Ø
In this student module Administrator will register the details of the student.
Ø Administrator can view the details of the student by giving admission number.
Ø Administrator can also edit the details of the student by giving admission number
Ø Administrator can also delete the details of the student by giving admission number
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Marks Management Module
Ø In this module Administrator register all subjects and also provide subject code to
each and every subject.
Ø Assign subjects to every branch in semester wise.
Ø Using subject code Administrator edit and delete the subjects.
Ø Administrator enters marks of the Student in semester wise.
Ø Administrator can also edit and delete the marks of the student.
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SYSTEM TESTING - STUDENT INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
6.1 Introduction
Is the menu bar displayed in the appropriate contested some system related
features included either in menus or tools? Do pull –Down menu operation and Toolbars work properly? Are all menu function and pull down sub function properly listed
?; Is it possible to invoke each menu function using a logical assumptions that if all
parts of the system are correct, the goal will be successfully achieved .? In adequate
testing or non-testing will leads to errors that may appear few months later.
This create two problem
1. Time delay between the cause and appearance of the problem.
2. The effect of the system errors on files and records within the system
The purpose of the system testing is to consider all the likely variations to which it
will be suggested and push the systems to limits.
The testing process focuses on the logical intervals of the software ensuring
that all statements have been tested and on functional interval is conducting tests to
uncover errors and ensure that defined input will produce actual results that agree with
the required results. Program level testing, modules level testing integrated and carried
out.
Testing Methods
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There are two major type of testing they are
1)
White Box Testing.
2)
Black Box Testing.
White Box Testing
White box sometimes called “Glass box testing” is a test case design uses the
control structure of the procedural design to drive test case.
Using white box testing methods, the following tests were made on the system
a) All independent paths within a module have been exercised once. In our system,
ensuring that case was selected and executed checked all case structures. The bugs
that were prevailing in some part of the code where fixed
b) All logical decisions were checked for the truth and falsity of the values.
Black box Testing
Black box testing focuses on the functional requirements of the software. This is black
box testing enables the software engineering to derive a set of input conditions that
will fully exercise all functional requirements for a program. Black box testing is not
an alternative to white box testing rather it is complementary approach that is likely to
uncover a different class of errors that white box methods like..
1) Interface errors
2) Performance in data structure
3) Performance errors
44
4) Initializing and termination errors
Unit testing
Unit testing is a software verification and validation method in which a
programmer tests if individual units of source code are fit for use.
A unit is the smallest testable part of an application. In procedural
programming a unit may be an individual function or procedure.
Ideally, each test case is independent from the others: substitutes like method
stubs, objects, fakes and test harnesses can be used to assist testing a module in
isolation.
Integration Testing:
This testing is sometimes called Integration and Testing. Integration testing is
the phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and
tested as a group. It occurs after unit testing and before system testing. Integration
testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger
aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those aggregates and
delivers as its output the integrated system ready for system testing.
Validation Testing:
45
Validation Testing can be defined in many ways, but a simple definition is that
validation succeeds when the software functions in a manner that can reasonably
expected by a customer.
After validation test has been conducted, one of the
following two possible conditions exists. The functions or performance characteristics
confirm to specification and are accepted.
•
In the administrator and marks modules, all the fields must be filled.
•
In the student registration, mobile number should contain exactly 10 numbers.
User Acceptance Testing:
User acceptance of a system is a key factor of any system. The system
under consideration is tested for the acceptance by constantly keeping in touch with
the prospective system users at the same time of developing and marketing changes
whenever required. This is done in regard to the following points:
•
Input Screen Design
•
Output Screen Design
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Advantages and disadvantages of information systems
Advantages
Communication – with help of information technologies the instant messaging,
emails, voice and video calls becomes quicker, cheaper and much efficient.
Globalization and cultural gap – by implementing information systems we can bring
down the linguistic, geographical and some cultural boundaries. Sharing the
information, knowledge, communication and relationships between different
countries, languages and cultures becomes much easier.
Availability – information systems has made it possible for businesses to be open
24×7 all over the globe. This means that a business can be open anytime anywhere,
making purchases from different countries easier and more convenient. It also means
that you can have your goods delivered right to your doorstep with having to move a
single muscle.
Creation of new types of jobs – one of the best advantages of information systems is
the creation of new and interesting jobs. Computer programmers, Systems analyzers,
Hardware and Software developers and Web designers are just some of the many new
employment opportunities created with the help of IT.
Cost effectiveness and productivity – the IS application promotes more efficient
operation of the company and also improves the supply of information to decisionmakers; applying such systems can also play an important role in helping companies
47
to put greater emphasis on information technology in order to gain a competitive
advantage. IS has a positive impact on productivity, however there are some
frustrations can be faced by systems users which are directly linked to lack of training
and poor systems performance because of system spread.
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Disadvantages
Unemployment and lack of job security – implementing the information systems
can save a great deal of time during the completion of tasks and some labor mechanic
works. Most paperwork’s can be processed immediately, financial transactions are
automatically calculated, etc. As technology improves, tasks that were formerly
performed by human employees are now carried out by computer systems. For
example, automated telephone answering systems have replaced live receptionists in
many organizations or online and personal assistants can be good example also.
Industry experts believe that the internet has made job security a big issue as since
technology keeps on changing with each day. This means that one has to be in a
constant learning mode, if he or she wishes for their job to be secure.
Dominant culture – while information technology may have made the world a global
village, it has also contributed to one culture dominating another weaker one. For
example it is now argued that US influences how most young teenagers all over the
world now act, dress and behave. Languages too have become overshadowed, with
English becoming the primary mode of communication for business and everything
else.
Security issues – thieves and hackers get access to identities and corporate saboteurs
target sensitive company data. Such data can include vendor information, bank
records, intellectual property and personal data on company management. The hackers
distribute the information over the Internet, sell it to rival companies or use it to
damage the company’s image. For example, several retail chains were targeted
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recently by hackers who stole customer information from their information systems
and distributed Social Security numbers and credit card data over the Internet.
Implementation expenses – to integrate the information system it require pretty good
amount of cost in a case of software, hardware and people. Software, hardware and
some other services should be rented, bought and supported. Employees need to be
trained with unfamiliar information technology and software.
Information systems contribute to the efficient running of organizations. Information
systems are showing the exponential growth in each decades. Today’s information
technology has tremendously improved quality of life. Modern medicine has benefited
the most with better information system using the latest information technology. By
understanding and learning what advantages and disadvantages it can bring, we have
to try, believe and put an effort with our best to make that existing advantage much
better and navigate the disadvantages to have a less impact on organizations and
society.
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Conclusion
The system implements the verification of the student identity through the fingerprint,
which can make the campus life more convenient. The fingerprint data is only stored
in the host computer database after encryption transmission, which makes the
convenience greatly improved on the basis of ensuring security. Each terminal
connected with the host computer constitutes an integral system to achieve the
information sharing among each terminal, and the host computer stores the terminal
data and manages the students’ information efficiently with less time. The encryption
method based on the improved AES optimizes the implementation method of
algorithm in the process of simplifying the operation step, and the mathematical
structure of the original algorithm is not changed, so that the encryption speed
increases rapidly under the condition that the security is not reduced, while the
memory occupation does not increase significantly, so it is easy to be achieved in the
embedded system. Taking an example of AES with 128-bit plaintext length and key
length, this paper proposes an optimization scheme based on actual requirement. The
scheme can also be extended to the AES with other data lengths, which is suitable for
various situations of data encryption, so it has a wide range of applications and strong
practicability.
The system titled “SCHOOL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is very flexible and can be
changed at any point of time. This system is user friendly, because of GUI features.
This system simplifies the maintenance of large amount of data. The speed of
accessing the information about the member’s is very useful. It minimizes the time
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and efforts of the user with efficiency. This project is developed such that any
implementation or extension can be done easily.
Schools are growing in India to match the pace of population growth. It has
outsmarted even the population growth rate of India. There are at least 2-5 good
schools in every city of India (no matters how small is this) which are rushed by
students. A big school, like one dealt in this project, face a large number of problems
involving data maintenance, storage and mining. The manual system of data
processing and record keeping is error prone, labour intensive and thus costly. It
requires a lot of paper handling which further requires proper storage facilities.
Moreover, this modus operandi adversely affects the smooth functioning of the
organization. The RealschuleeXp 2005 helps in a great deal, to reduce manual labour
of collecting and piling up data for later references, which is very often difficult to
maintain, because of overwork or misplace of collected information. This system also
figures out the human engineering considerations (ergonomics) which, in turn, has
resulted in a user friendly, menu-driven Graphical User Interface. This system
simplifies the upholding of large amount of data and the speed of processing is off the
capacity of any manual system. It minimizes the time and efforts of the user with
efficiency. It is possible at any point of time to extend the software to stand at
ceremony. This project is developed in such a way that any implementation or
extension can be done easily.
With so many outstanding features, it is expected that the proposed system would find
its use in all modern schools.
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Further Enhancement
For all the s/w there is always a scope of future enhancements. There are few
enhancements which are pointed out in the proposed system. They are as follows:
1. Module for Employee Recruitment
2. Module for Science Lab including inventory management system
3. A complete accounting system matching the VAT policy.
4. Web Module for web interface. After all the future is Internet.
5. Integrated on line examination module for entrance exams.
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