Magnets and
Magnetism Facts
Magnetism is one aspect of the combined
electromagnetic force. It refers to physical
phenomena arising from the force caused by
magnets, objects that produce fields that attract or
repel other objects.
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WHAT ARE MAGNETS?
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Magnets are rocks or metals that can pull other metals
towards them. They are objects producing magnetic fields and
attract metals like iron, nickel, and cobalt.
A magnet creates an invisible area of magnetism all around it
called a magnetic field.
The lines of force of the magnetic field exit the magnet from
its north pole and enter its south pole.
William Thomson (Lord Kelvin, 1850) developed the equation
B = μH in characterizing magnetization.
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Magnets and Magnetism Facts
TYPES OF MAGNETISM
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Five basic types of magnetism are based on the magnetic
behavior of materials.
Ferromagnetism - Iron, cobalt, nickel, and gadolinium exhibit
strong magnetic effects. These magnets can magnetize
themselves by inducing to be magnetic or made into
permanent magnets.
Ferrimagnetism - a type of permanent magnetism that
occurs in solids in which the magnetic fields spontaneously
align themselves and takes place chiefly in magnetic oxides
known as ferrites.
Paramagnetism - a weaker form of magnetism observed in
substances displaying a positive response to an applied
magnetic field.
Ferromagnetism
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Ferrimagnetism
Paramagnetism
Antiferromagnetism - a type of magnetism in solids in which
adjacent ions that behave as tiny magnets spontaneously
align themselves at low temperatures into opposite
arrangements throughout the material exhibiting no external
magnetism.
Diamagnetism - associated with materials having negative
magnetic susceptibility. It manifests in nonmagnetic
substances like graphite, copper, silver, and gold, and in the
superconducting state of certain elemental and compound
metals.
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