FALLING, IMPACT,
ACCELERATION,
LIFTING, and
VISION HAZARDS
Cause of Falls
3
4
5
6
Kinds of Falls
Trip and fall
Step and fall
Stump and fall
Slip and fall
7
Walking
and
Slipping
8
Measuring Surface Traction
▸
Coefficient of Friction – numerical comparison of the
resistance of one surface (e.g. shoe or boot) against another surface
(e.g. floor)
0.2
Very slippery and
very hazardous
Ice (0.10)
Slippery
and
hazardous
0.3
0.4
Slippery but
not
hazardous
Linoleum (0.33)
Waxed white oak
Concrete (0.43)
(0.24)
9
“
Factors that Decrease Traction
Good housekeeping
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12
General Strategies for
Preventing Slips
▸
Choose the right material from the outset
▸
Retrofit an existing surface
▸
Practice good housekeeping
▸
Require non-skid footwear
▸
Inspect surface frequently
Effective strategies for preventing
slips and falls:
▸
Review and analyze accident statistics
▸
Monitor the condition of walking surfaces
▸
▸
▸
Make sure that ramps and sloped floors have high-friction
surfaces
Use safety mats, nonslip flooring, and slip-resistant safety
shoes
Stairs should have handrails
14
Effective strategies for preventing
slips and falls:
▸
Visibility should eb good potentially hazardous areas
▸
Spills should be cleaned up immediately
▸
▸
▸
Employees who work in potentially hazardous areas should
wear the right slip-resistant footwear
Use appropriate technologies such as vertical incidence
tribometers
Conduct periodic audits of walking surfaces
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Slip and Fall Prevention Programs
1.
A policy statement/commitment.
2.
Review and acceptance of walkways.
3.
Reconditioning and retrofitting.
4.
Maintenance standards and procedures
5.
Inspections, audits, tests, and records.
6.
Employee footwear program,
7.
Defense methods for legal claims.
8.
Measurement of results.
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Practical
Prevention
Measures
•
•
•
•
Reduce “tracked-in hazards”
Choose anti-fatigue mats carefully
Locate absorbents strategically
Choose safety footwear carefully
17
LADDER
“ SAFETY
Inspecting Ladders
19
20
LADDER
“ SAFETY
Do’s and Don’ts of
Ladder Use
22
23
24
25
26
27
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29
30
31
32
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What to do after a fall
Fall Rescue Plan
1.
Training for all personnel in how to carry out a
rescue
2.
Proper equipment on site and readily available
3.
Coordination with local emergency authorities
4.
Assigned responsibilities
34
Basics for those who work at
heights
✓
✓
✓
Never work alone.
Keep legs moving.
Raise the worker to a seated position.
35
“
Impact and
Acceleration
Hazards
Impact and Acceleration
Any type of fall because, having fallen, a person’s
rate of fall accelerates (increases) until striking a
surface (impact).
37
Protection from Falling and
Accelerating Objects
HEAD PROTECTION
▸
Designed to provide limited
protection from impact primarily
to the top of the head, and thereby
reduce the amount of impact
transmitted to the head, neck, and
spin.
38
EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
▸
Consists
of
safety glasses,
safety goggles,
or face shields
39
First Aid for Eye Injuries
▸ Be gentle with the patient. Don’t add injury with rough treatment.
▸ Do not attempt to remove object embedded in the eyeball.
▸ Rinse the eyes with copious amount of water for 15-30 minutes to remove
the chemicals.
▸ Call for professional help.
▸ Never press on an injured eye or put any pressure on it,
▸ Do not allow the patient to rub his /her eye.
40
FOOT PROTECTION
Causes of injuries to the foot and toes:
▸ Falls or impact from sharp and heavy objects
▸ Compression when rolled over by or pressed between heavy objects
▸ Punctures through the sole of the foot
▸ Conductivity of electricity or heat
▸ Electrocution from contact with an energized, conducting material
▸ Slips on unstable walking surfaces
▸ Hot liquid or metal splashed into shoes or boots
▸ Temperatures extremes
41
Types of Safety Boots for
Foot Protection
▸
Steel toe
▸
Rubber
▸
Puncture resistant
▸
Slip-resistant soles
▸
Electricity-resistant
42
Lifting Hazards
43
Cause of Back Injuries
▸
Improper lifting
▸
Reaching
▸
Sitting
▸
Bending
44
Back Safety/
Lifting Program
1.
Display poster illustration
2.
Preemployment screening
3.
Regular safety inspections
4.
Education and training
5.
Use external services
6.
Map out the prevention program
45
Proper Lifting
Techniques
1.
Plan ahead
2.
Lift with your legs, not your back
3.
Push, don’t pull.
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47
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Standing Hazards
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Minimizing Standing Hazards
▸
Anti-fatigue mats
▸
Shoe inserts
▸
Foot rails
▸
Workplace design
▸
Sit/Stand chairs
▸
Proper footwear
50
Hand
Protection
Common Glove Materials
▸
Leather
▸
Chain link or metal mesh
▸
Cotton
▸
Butyl rubber
▸
Nitrile-based material
▸
Viton rubber
▸
Aramids
▸
Polyethylene
▸
Stainless steel cord
(wrapped in synthetic fiber)
52
“
PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
53
Strategies for to convince
people to use PPEs
▸ Make maximum use of engineering and administrative controls
▸ Ensure the optimum choice of PPE by using risk assessment
▸ Involve employees in all aspects of the PPE program
▸ Provide comprehensive education and training programs
▸ Reinforce the proper use of PPE and challenge its improper use
▸ Be clear on who pays for PPE
▸ Be sensitive to fit, comfort, and style issues
54
“
FORKLIFT SAFETY
General Rules
▸
Keep arms, hands, and legs inside the vehicle at all times.
▸
Face in the direction od travel at all times.
▸
If the load blocks your view, drive backward.
▸
▸
Allow plenty of room for braking – at least three vehicles
lengths.
Make sure there is sufficient overhead clearance before
moving a load.
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Rules for Picking up a Load
▸
Make sure the load is within the capacity of the forklift
▸
Make sure forks are positioned properly
▸
Make sure the load is properly balanced
▸
Make sure the load is secure
▸
Raise the load to the proper height
▸
▸
Run the forks all the way into the pallet, and tilt the mast
back to stabilize the load before moving
Back out and stop completely before lowering the load
57
Rules for Travelling with a Load
▸
Always give pedestrians the right-of-way
▸
Never allow passengers on the forklift
▸
Keep the forks low while moving
▸
Keep the load tilted back slightly while moving
▸
Drive slowly
▸
▸
Slow down at all intersections; stop and sound the horn at
blind intersections
Drive up and back down ramps and inclines
58
Rules for Travelling with a Load
▸
Never lift or lower the load when traveling
▸
Keep to the right just as you would do when driving a car
▸
▸
▸
▸
Watch for oil, grease, and wet spots, which could inhibit
traction
Cross railroad tracks at a skewed angle, never at a right angle
Watch for edges on loading docks and other changes in
elevation
Maintain at least four (4) seconds of spacing between your
forklift and the one in front of you
59
Rules for Placing a Load
▸
▸
▸
▸
▸
Stop the forklift completely before raising or lowering the
load
Move slowly and cautiously with the load raised
Never walk or stand under a raise load or allow anyone else
to do so
Be certain the forks have cleared the pallet before turning
and before changing the height
Check behind and on both sides before backing up
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