MUSIC PLAYING Discuss in 10 minutes what information can be contained in each of the following principles of speech delivery. ARTICULATION MODULATION STAGE PRESENCE Facial Expressions, Gestures and Movements, Rapport with Audience WATCH AND LISTEN PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY ARTICULATION in phonetics, a configuration of the vocal tract (the larynx and the pharyngeal, oral, and nasal cavities) resulting from the positioning of the mobile organs of the vocal tract (e.g., tongue) relative to other parts of the vocal tract that may be rigid (e.g., hard palate). This configuration modifies an airstream to produce the sounds of speech. The main articulators are the tongue, the upper lip, the lower lip, the upper teeth, the upper gum ridge (alveolar ridge), the hard palate, the velum (soft palate), the uvula (free-hanging end of the soft palate), the pharyngeal wall, and the glottis (space between the vocal cords). EXAMPLE: If someone is articulate, they speak words clearly, and speakers should strive to speak clearly. Poor articulation results when speakers do not speak clearly. For example, a person may say dinnt instead of didn't, gonna instead of going to, wanna instead of want to, or hunnerd instead of hundred. MODULATION It refers to how you control your voice when speaking. When we speak, we are able to change the message by varying the : tone, stress on words, pitch, and changing the rate of speech. Effective voice modulation can mean the difference between a boring speech, and an audience captivating speech. However, modulation is not easy, and needs to be practiced. Focus on how you speak to people in an individual setting, the shift in pitch and the tone of your voice. You can modulate your voice by: i) Varying the pitch of your voice: Females tend to have a higher pitch of voice, due to different anatomical structuring. When delivering speeches, tend to stick to lower pitches. Microphones are deceiving, as you may think it amplifies your voice. They do amplify voice, as well other articulatory mistakes, higher pitches and breathing! So next time you have a speech using a microphone, practice with it first. ii) Speaking slowly: I cannot emphasize enough, the power of pausing. When you pause, you are able to catch your breath. Your pauses will also make your audience lean forwards in their chair, and wait eagerly for your next message. Pausing is the best way to improve audience involvement and attention. iii) Stress on certain words : When you increase emphasis or stress on certain words, you draw your audience’s attention. Choose powerful words to stress on, so that your message is captivating and clear. Example: You are BEAUTIFUL, you are WORTHY! iv) Speak quietly : Use this effect when you want your audience to calm down, or to hang to your every word. A certain way to grab the attention of someone, is through an assertive voice, rather than a loud authoritative voice. v)Copy others : Look at videos of powerful orators, politicians, celebrities etc. Observe the way they modulate their voices. Practice, practice, practice! Stage presence is expressing your confidence in front of the audience. The strong speaker will project a confident demeanor – demeanor is your overall poise and the impression that you project. The strong speaker is knowledgeable about his or her topic. How to Establish a Confident Stage Presence 1. Be Thoroughly Prepared Know your speech so well that you can concentrate on a smooth delivery. This preparation includes frequent rehearsal. If you know that you are prepared to speak you will find it much easier to relax and present a comfortable and alert posture. 2. Channel Your Energy The strong speaker knows how to harness emotional energy. Psych your self up to enjoy the thrill and rush of adrenaline. Abraham Lincoln once said, “When I see a person talk, I like to see them talk as though they’re fighting a swarm of bees” Use hand gestures that are natural. 3. Strong Eye Contact Good eye contact communicates both personal confidence and warmth. Nonverbal immediacy Here and now Great speakers make a point of engaging their audiences. Try to connect with individuals in the audience nonverbally and interact with a facial expression. Strive to keep away from notes about 80 percent of the time that you speak. 4. Vocal Variety According to Robert L. Montgomery, “some psychologists believe that the voice is only second to facial expressions in influencing others.” Be aware of Paralingustics – how you use the sound of your voice to communicate. Articulation — clear and correct pronunciation: People tend to judge speakers based on the their ability to pronounce words correctly and clearly. Variety of pitch levels. 1. Be enthusiastic. Turn up the energy. This will communicate your interest and excitement for your topic and help generate audience interest, too. You need to be larger than life on stage. Project your voice and presence to the back of the room. • 2. Exaggerate voice inflection and punch the key word in a sentence. Exaggerate inflection when you are making points or demonstrating some kind of emotion appropriate to the emotions that you are trying to stir in your audience. 3. Do not speak in a monotone. Monotone usually means speaking in a low, droning voice. You can be monotone with a high and loud voice, too. 5. Avoid Mannerism These are distracting movements or habits that limit how the audience perceives your nonverbal credibility. Think: slightly more formal than daily conversation. Hands in pocket, tapping foot, leaning on the speaker’s stand, holding a pen. Move in Ways that Help Communicate Your Ideas Do not pace with no purpose, but don’t be static either. Movement, as well as gestures, is vital to maintaining speaker and audience enthusiasm for the presentation. • The good speaker follows three principles in ensuring lively (but not irritating) movement. Link the right and left hemisphere of the brain. a. Be aware of Proxemics – how you use space to communicate with an audience. b. If you move about on the stage, make your movements purposeful. Don’t wander about. Use your movement to reinforce or emphasize a point. Use it in concert with gestures. c. You may try the diamond movement technique. d. Never turn your back on the audience while you are speaking. 6. Develop a Style that Fits Your Personality “The Style is the Man.” — Aristotle Be authentic and genuine in your nonverbal demeanor. Facial Gestures As you progress as a speaker from gestures and movement, you will need to turn your attention to facial gestures and expressions. Facial gestures involve using your face to display feelings and attitudes nonverbally. • They may reinforce, or contradict, the spoken word, and their impact cannot be underestimated. As in other body movements, your facial gestures should come naturally, but giving them due thought and consideration can keep you aware of how you are communicating the nonverbal message. Facial gestures should reflect the tone and emotion of your verbal communication. If you are using humor in your speech, you will likely smile to complement the amusement expressed in your words. Smiling will be much less appropriate if your presentation involves a serious subject such as cancer or car accidents. Consider how you want your audience to feel in response to your message, and identify the facial gestures you can use to promote those feelings. Then practice in front of a mirror so that the gestures come naturally. Gestures involve using your arms and hands while communicating. Gestures provide a way to channel your nervous energy into a positive activity that benefits your speech and gives you something to do with your hands. • For example, watch people in normal, everyday conversations. They frequently use their hands to express themselves. Do you think they think about how they use their hands? Most people do not. Their arm and hand gestures come naturally as part of their expression, often reflecting what they have learned within their community. One of the keys to a successful presentation is to ensure that you are in rapport with you audience. Rapport is the trust and connection that a speaker creates with his/her audience. If you are asking people to adopt a new way of thinking, an alternate viewpoint or change their behaviour then it is crucial to develop trust and connection and rapport. Here are 9 different strategies that can help you quickly develop rapport with your audience. 1 Have accommodating body language This means body language that will help to build rapport and trust. Have a smile when greeting people and a nice handshake that matches and mirrors that of the other person. • When you are on stage have palms facing up as you talk to them and have your head bobbing. Take a risk and get out from behind the lectern or the table. • Don’t have any barriers between you and the audience. Your body language should demonstrate warmth and that you want to be there speaking to them. Of course once you are in rapport, you can change to credible body language. 2 Use a lower rate of speech and use pauses rather than ums and ahs By slowing down your rate of speech and modelling silence and pause, you are showing your audience that you are relaxed and comfortable (even if you are a little nervous). This helps put your audience at ease and they will relax and feel at ease and more readily connect with you. Reducing ums and ahs and replacing them with pause also helps demonstrate your confidence and build this connection and rapport. 3 Talk about the audience and what you hope to give them This requires that you take the focus of your presentation off yourself and make the presentation visibly and emotionally about the audience. Make the presentation for the audience and about their needs. Talk about their issues, their problems and what your hope is for them as a result of the information you are going to share with them. Demonstrate that you are there for them. If the audience can see that you are there solely for their benefit, you will build rapport 4 Listen to the audience At the beginning of your presentation ask the audience what they want from you. What are their major concerns and needs? Then address them. By asking questions and then showing genuine interest in their questions you will build rapport. 5 Reveal some vulnerability Sometimes you need to give a little trust in order to receive some trust back. Brene Brown in her TED talk explains the power of vulnerability. You can reveal that 2 years ago you were struggling, or 12 months ago you were facing the same dilemma that many people in the room are facing now. 6 Give more than expected We have all heard the saying “under promise and over deliver”. I am not sure about the under promise, but I like to over deliver. Give a gift or some bonus information at the end of the presentation. Give an add-on, over and above your normal presentation such as free checklist, E-Book or half hour coaching session. 7 Manage your audience’s expectations One of the biggest rapport breakers and reasons for a presentation falling short is when the audience is expecting one thing, but the speaker delivers something completely different. This can be under delivering or delivering off topic. 8 Give the audience a cultural compliment An audience loves a speaker who has taken the time to learn about their audience and the people who are in the room. 9 Manage your audience’s energy level As you audience tires and fatigues and when a speaker goes on for too long, rapport can be lost. So as a speaker you need to manage this energy level. Take breaks, get people to stand up and speak to the person next to them. Get people to find someone they haven’t spoken to yet and move to a new seat. Get audience participation through questions and sharing and discussions. If you wish to stay in rapport, then manage the energy level of the room and a change of pace and differing activities may be required. ACT IT OUT! Work in a group of five and read the following scenes Scene 1: speaking in public as a running politician announcing his 2022 candidacy. Scene 2: Speaking as a Marketing Associate in an Orientation. • Weave the scenes together into a story. You are free to interchange the order of the scenes Act out your story and present it to the class within five minutes QUIZ DIRECTION: (TRUE or FALSE) Write YOUR NAME if the statement is TRUE and write MY NAME if the statement is FALSE 1. An outline determines whether your supporting ideas match your main idea or not. 2. Any speech should include an introduction, body, and conclusion. 3. In the introduction, you explain the importance of your topic by giving examples. 4. Knowing the audience and the occasion is crucial in writing a speech. 5. Rehearsing is a major requirement. answer choices 6. Speech writing is a linear process. 7.The approach that you will use in your introduction can determine the success of your speech. 8. The primary objective of speech writing is getting the right or appropriate topic. 9. The purpose of the speech will help you identify ideas that will support your main idea or message. 10. Word choice is one consideration in writing a speech. answer choices • Assignment Write a 3 minutes speech applying the various principles of speech writing and deliver it Infront of the class.
