DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND ICT
LEVEL 100 SEMESTER TWO
2020/2021 ACADEMIC YEAR
COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
COURSE CODE: EBC 121
COURSE TUTOR: UMAR SAYIBU
EMAIL: sumar.sayibu2@gmail.com
MOBILE NO: 0242606664
INTRODUCTION TO ICT
UNIT 3
THE CONCEPTUAL COMPUTER
(HARDWARE)
Learning Indicators
Discuss the
concept of
Computer
hardware
Examine the
components of
the system unit
Differentiate
between input
and output
devices
Evaluate
secondary
Storage devices
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What is Computer Hardware?
▪ The hardware are the physical devices that make up a
computer (or computer system).
▪ These are the tangible or mechanical parts that the
user touches and holds.
▪ It is the physical computer and its components.
▪ Computer hardware are keyboard, mouse, monitor,
system unit, memory, hard disk, etc.
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The System Unit
▪ This refers to the box-like case that contains electronic
components of the computer used to process data.
▪ It provides accommodation for the electronic
components of the computer. All computer devices have
a system unit.
▪ The desktop computer have the system unit as a
separate device from the screen, but tablets and mobile
phones have their system unit built into the device.
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Want big impact?
Use big image.
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Components of the System Unit
▪ The System Unit contains electronic components
that receive input, process data, and store the
processed data.
▪ The major components of the System Unit are
▪ mother board, power supply unit, memories
(RAM & ROM), central processing unit (CPU),
expansion cards, drive bays, and hard disk.
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Motherboard
▪ It is the main circuit
board in the system
unit.
▪ It contains expansion
slots, processor chips,
and memory slots.
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Central Processing Unit
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
▪ The processor is the part of the
computer that actually works
with the data and runs the
programs.
▪ It is the brain of the computer
system.
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
▪ It contains the electronic circuitry through which data
is processed and instructions executed.
▪ The speed of the processor is measured in
Gigahertz (GHz).
▪ The speed of the processor determines how fast
the computer executes activities.
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What make up the CPU?
Arithmetric
and Logic
Unit (ALU)
Control
Unit
Registers
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Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU)
▪ The ALU is composed of complex circuitry and
performs all the mathematical calculations of the
CPU.
▪ The ALU can add, subtract, divide, multiply,
compare and perform a host of calculations on
binary numbers.
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The Control Unit
▪
The Control Unit directs the flow of instructions
and data within the CPU.
▪
Its duty is instruct the ALU what data or
request to execute at each point in time.
▪
It is actually built of many other selection circuits.
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Registers
▪ Registers are special memory locations within the
CPU that can be accessed very fast.
▪ They are temporary high-speed storage area that
hold data and instructions.
▪ Data and instructions to be executed are stored
temporally within the CPU
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The Memory (RAM)
▪ The memory is a physical device
that is capable of storing
information temporarily or
permanently.
▪ The memory is the storage area
for programs and data that are
been worked on by the computer.
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The Memory (RAM)
▪ It is also the place where the CPU puts processed
information.
▪ The more memory a computer has the larger the
amount of space available for processed data and
the more programs it can process at a time.
▪ Memory is measured in Kilobytes (KB), Megabytes
(MB), Gigabytes (GB), and Terabytes (TB).
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Hard Disk
▪ It is a permanent fixture containing one
or more circular metallic disks that are
used to store data files and software
programs.
▪ The internal hard disk is sealed in a
container to prevent any foreign matter
from getting inside.
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Hard Disk
▪
Hard disk provides the way for us to retrieve
and save our programs.
▪
It stores the largest amount of data as
compared to the other types of storage
devices.
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Power Supply
▪ The Power Supply converts AC to
DC which is required by the
components inside the system unit.
▪ It is the component that supplies
electricity to the computer.
▪ A failure of the Power Supply will
cut electric power to the computer
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What is a Peripheral Device?
▪ A computer peripheral is a device that is connected
to a computer but is not part of the core computer
architecture.
▪ The core elements of a computer (desktop) are the
central processing unit, power supply, motherboard
and the computer case that contains those three
components.
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Peripheral Devices
▪ A peripheral device is a computer device that is
external to the computer and would have to be
connected to the main computer to be able to
function or add a functionality to it.
▪ Examples would include scanners, printers, flash
drives, monitors, keyboards, mouse, DVD/CD
drives, digital cameras, speakers, etc.
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Input into the Computer
▪
Input is data or command that is put into the
computer system for processing.
▪
Inputs into the computer system can be text,
symbols, pictures, video, audio or
commands.
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Input Devices/Input Units
▪ The role of Input devices is to enable the user to send
these inputs into the computer.
▪ They transfer the commands or actions of the user into
the computer system.
▪ The most common input devices are keyboard, mouse,
scanner, web cam, digital camera, joystick, BCR,
microphone, light pen, touchpad and touch screen.
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Pointing Devices
▪ A pointing device allows a user to control a pointer on the
screen of the computer.
▪ A pointer is a small symbol on the screen whose shape
changes as the user moves it to different locations on the
screen.
▪ Pointing devices include mouse, joystick, stylus, trackball,
touchpad, pointing stick, wheel, game controller, and
touch screen.
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Keyboard
▪ A keyboard is an input device that contains keys
that users press to enter data and instructions into
a computer.
▪ It is one of the most widely used input devices
especially for text-based input into the computer.
▪ Keyboard could be wired (with a cord) or wireless.
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Keyboard
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Input and Output Devices
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Output
▪ This refers to anything that the computer
produces after processing.
▪ Output from the computer is in various forms.
▪ It can be visuals or audio.
▪ Computer output are text, numbers, graphics,
video and sound.
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Output Devices/Output Units
▪ Output devices are components of the computer that
convert processed data from the computer and present
it in the form that humans can understand.
▪ It is through the output device that you can tell the result
from the computer.
▪ The output device is the component that makes working
with the computer meaningful.
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Types of Output Devices
▪ There are three main types of output devices used in
educational settings: Video display units (VDU),
auditory units and hardcopy units.
▪ Output from video and auditory units are not
permanent they come in the form of softcopy.
▪ Hardcopy units like printer provide permanent output.
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Printers
▪ Printers are devices that produce
hardcopies of static output displayed on
the computer screen onto a print
material.
▪ They print processed results on paper.
▪ There are two basic types of printers:
Impact and Non-impact printers.
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Impact Printers
▪ Impact printers form images on paper
by physically striking paper, ribbon and
print hammer together like a typewriter.
▪ Examples are line printers and dot-
matrix printers.
▪
These printers are only used for
printing text based content.
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Non-impact Printers
▪ Non-impact printers form images and texts on
paper without physically striking the paper.
▪ They use mechanisms such as heat and
spray.
▪ Non-impact printers are laser and inkjet
printers.
▪ Though expensive, they generate better
quality print output than impact printers.
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Monitors/Screens
▪ Monitor is the most commonly used output device
used to display results of processing.
▪ Pictures on monitor are formed with picture
elements called PIXEL.
▪ Monitors may be Monochrome that will display
results in Black & White.
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Monitors/Screens
▪ Color Monitors are also available.
▪ They display results in multi colors.
Monitor produces soft copy output.
▪ There are two kinds of viewing
screen used for monitors.
▫ Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)
▫ Flat- Panel Display
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Speaker, Headsets and Earbuds
▪ Speakers, headsets, and earbuds
produce sound output.
▪ We can listen recorded voices,
sounds or music with the help of
speaker or headset.
▪ Speaker produces sound output with
the help of sound card.
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What is Storage?
▪ Storage is the process of keeping or saving
processed data for future use.
▪ The ability to store processed data enables
us to retrieve it in the future.
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Storage Devices
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Storage Devices
▪ Storage device is any type of computer hardware
that is used to store information.
▪ The most common storage devices are hard disk,
CD, DVD, floppy disc or diskette, and flash drive.
▪ Storage devices enable us to carry out backup
services for our data.
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Storage Media and Storage Drives
▪ Storage media are devices that store application and
user information. The primary storage media for a
computer is usually the internal hard drive.
▪ A storage media can store, port and extract data files
and objects. It can hold and store information both
temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or
external to a computer, server or any similar computing
device.
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Storage Drive
▪
This writes information
unto the medium and
reads information from it.
▪
These are CD or DVD
drives, floppy and zip
drives.
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CD and DVD
▪ CD stands for Compact Disc. Compact Disc or
CD is a popular storage device. It is a portable
storage device. It can store about 700 MB
(Mega Bytes) of data.
▪ DVD stands for Digital Video Disc or Digital
Versatile Disc. The basic difference between
CD and DVD is that DVD has much more data
storage capacity.
▪ DVD can store data up to 17 GB.
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Lesson Summary
▪ A computer contains many electric, electronic, and mechanical
components. They are physical and tangible. That is hardware.
Input Device
• Allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer
Output Device
• Hardware component that conveys information from the
computer to one or more people
System Unit
Storage Device
Communications
Device
• Case that contains the electronic components of the computer
that are used to process data
• Records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from
storage media
• Enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information
to and from one or more computers or mobile devices
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Learning Indicators
Discuss the
concept of
Computer
hardware
Examine the
components of
the system unit
Differentiate
between input
and output
devices
Evaluate
secondary
Storage devices
46
THANKS!
ANY QUESTIONS?
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