Useful Formulae in Advanced Level Physics
v
= w 2r
r
2
A1.
a=
A2.
a = w 2c
simple harmonic motion
A3.
L = Iw
angular momentum of a rigid body
A4.
.T =
dL
dt
torque on a rotating body
A5.
E=
1 2
Iw
2
energy stored in a rotating body
B1.
v=
T
m
velocity of transverse wave motion in a stretched string
B2.
v=
E
r
velocity of longitudinal wave motion in a solid
B3.
n = tan q p
B4.
d=
B5.
d sin q = nl
diffraction grating equation
B6.
u - u0
f '= f (
)
u - us
Doppler frequency
B7.
10 log10 (
C1.
F=
Gm1 m2
r2
Newton’s law of gravitation
C2.
V =
GM
r
gravitational potential
C3.
r3 / T2 = constant
C4.
E=
Q
4pe 0 r 2
electric field due to a point charge
C5.
V =
Q
4pe 0 r
electric potential due a point charge
lD
a
centripetal acceleration
refractive index and polarizing angle
fringe width in double-slit interference
I2
)
I1
definition of the decibel
Kepler’s third law
1
C6.
E=
V
d
electric field between parallel plates (numerically)
C7.
C=
Q e0 A
=
V
d
capacitance of a parallel-plate capacitor
C8.
Q = Qo e -t / RC
decay of charge with time when a capacitor discharges
C9.
Q = Qo (1 - e -t / RC )
rise of charge with time when charging a capacitor
C10.
E=
C11.
I = nAuQ
C12.
R=
C13.
F = BQu sin q
force on a moving charge in a magnetic field
C14.
F = BI‫ ﺎ‬sin q
force on a current carrying a conductor in a magnetic field
C15.
V=
BI
nQt
Hall voltage
C16.
B=
m0I
2pr
magnetic field inside a long straight wire
C17.
B=
m 0 NI
l
magnetic field inside long solenoid
C18.
F=
m 0 I1 I 2
2pr
force per unit length between long parallel straight current
1
CV 2
2
rl
A
energy stored in a capacitor
general current flow equation
resistance and resistivity
carrying conductors
C19.
T = BAN sin f
torque on a rectangular current carrying coil in a uniform
magnetic field
C20.
E = BANw sin wt
simple generator e.m.f.
C21.
Vs
N
» s
Vr N r
ratio of secondary voltage to primary voltage in a transformer
C22.
E = - LdI / dt
e.m.f. induced in an inductor
C23.
E=
1 2
LI
2
energy stored in an inductor
C24.
X L = wL
reactance of an inductor
2
1
wC
C25.
XC =
C26.
P = IVCOS q
C27.
DVout / DVin = - b
reactance of a capacitor
power in an a.c. circuit
RL
RB
voltage gain of transistor amplifier in the common emitter
configuration
C28.
Vo = Ao (V+ - V- )
C29.
A=-
C30.
A = 1+
D1.
pV = nRT = NkT
D2.
pV =
1
Nmc 2
3
kinetic theory equation
D3.
Ek =
3RT 3
= kT
2N A 2
molecular kinetic energy
D4.
E=
F x
/
A L
macroscopic definition of Young modulus
D5.
E=
1
Fx
2
energy stored in stretching
D6.
F =-
D7.
E = .k / r
Rf
Ri
Rf
Ri
dU
dr
1 2
rv + rgh
2
= constant
output voltage of op amp (open-loop)
gain of inverting amplifier
gain of non-inverting amplifier
equation of state for an ideal gas
relationship between force and potential energy
microscopic interpretation of Young modulus
P+
Bernoulli’s equation
D9.
∆U = Q + W
first law of thermodynamics
D10.
En = -
D11.
N = N o e - kt
D12.
t1 =
D8.
2
13.6
eV
n2
ln 2
k
energy level equation for hydrogen atom
law of radioactive decay
half-life and decay constant
3
D13.
1
mu m2 = hv - f
2
Einstein’s photoelectric equation
D14.
E = mc2
mass-energy relationship
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