Chapter 2: Review Questions
Multiple Choice
Direction: Read the statement or question very carefully. Choose the correct letter of your
answer. 4 points each.
1. A modification of classical theory, this theory assumes that certain factors such as
insanity would inhibit the exercise of free will.
a.
b.
c.
d.
C
Classical Theory
Positivist Theory
Neoclassical Theory
Differential Association Theory
2. This theory holds that human behavior is determined and not a matter of free will, and
that crime is caused by multiple factors.
a.
b.
c.
d.
B
Classical Theory
Positivist Theory
Neoclassical Theory
Differential Association Theory
3. It is based on the assumption that people exercise free will and are thus completely
responsible for their actions. A
a.
b.
c.
d.
Classical Theory
Positivist Theory
Neoclassical Theory
Differential Association Theory
4. What principle states that human beings choose those actions that give pleasure and
avoid those that bring pain? C
a.
b.
c.
d.
Determinism
Atavism
Hedonism
Realism
5. Persons who kill in self-defense fall under this category of criminals.C
a.
b.
c.
d.
Passionate criminals
Criminaloids
Pseudo criminals
Habitual criminals
6. The following are the basic elements of the Classical Theory, except:
D
a. In every society, people have free will to choose criminal or lawful solutions to
meet their needs or settle their problems.
b. Criminal solutions may be more attractive than lawful ones because the former
usually require less work for a greater payoff.
c. A person's choice for criminal solutions may be controlled by his fear of
punishment.
d. Criminals are fundamentally different from noncriminals.
7. His work was governed by the Utilitarian Theory, which assumes that all human actions
are calculated in accordance with their likelihood of bringing happiness (pleasure) or
unhappiness (pain).
a.
b.
c.
d.
C
Cesare Lombroso
Cesare Beccaria
Jeremy Bentham
Enrico Ferri
8. He is considered today as the "Father of Modern Criminology."
a.
b.
c.
d.
C
Cesare Beccaria
Auguste Comte
Cesare Lombroso
Enrico Ferri
9. He is regarded as the founder of the positivist school and sociology.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Auguste Comte
Cesare Lombroso
Enrico Ferri
Cesare Beccaria
A
10. This criminologist believed that criminals could not be held morally responsible for their
crimes because they did not choose to commit crimes but, rather, were driven to commit
them by conditions in their lives.
a.
b.
c.
d.
B
Cesare Lombroso
Enrico Ferri
Raffaele Garofalo
Auguste Comte
11. He suggested that death penalty could rid the society of its maladapted members, just as
the natural selection process eliminated maladapted organism.
a.
b.
c.
d.
C
Cesare Lombroso
Enrico Ferry
Raffaele Garofalo
Auguste Comte
12. This school of criminology worked on the relationship of crime statistics to demographic
factors such as age, sex and race.
a.
b.
c.
d.
C
Neoclassical School
Classical School
Cartographic School
Positivist School
13. He said that the crime problem could be traced, not to bad people, but to bad laws. B
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cesare Lombroso
Cesare Beccaria
William Sheldon
Charles Goring
14. They are individuals who are born with a genetic predilection towards criminality. B
a.
b.
c.
d.
Atavistic individuals
Born criminals
Criminaloids
Insane criminals
15. This theory asserts the criminals are a lower form of life, nearer to their apelike
ancestors than non-criminals in traits in dispositions.
a.
b.
c.
d.
C
Classical Theory
Anomie Theory
Born Criminal Theory
Moral Anomalies Theory
16. This theory was based on the opinion that criminals were developed from primitive or
subhuman individuals characterized by some inferior and mental characteristics.
a.
b.
c.
d.
D
Anomie Theory
Classical Theory
Moral Anomalies Theory
Atavism Theory
17. The following are Lombroso's major contributions to positivist criminology, except: C
a.
b.
c.
d.
Theory of Atavism
Application of the scientific method to study of criminal
Death Penalty
Development of a criminal typology
18. The following are the key assumptions of the positivist school of thought, except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Human behavior is determined and not a matter of free will.
Criminals are fundamentally different from non-criminals.
Crime is caused by a single factor.
Society is based on consensus, and not on a social contract
19. They are called the "Holy Three" of Criminology. A
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, Raffaele Garofalo
Cesare Beccaria, Jeremy Bentham, Cesare Lombroso
Adolphe Quetelet, Andre Michel Guerry, Enrico Ferri
Robert Ezra Park, Ernest Burgess, Raffaele Garofalo
20. They founded the so-called Cartographic School of Criminology.C
C
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, Raffaele Garofalo
Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham
Adolphe Quetelet and Andre Michel Guerry
Robert E. Park and Ernest Burgess
21. He believed that most criminals went through a process of training before finally
becoming a criminal.
a.
b.
c.
d.
B
Emile Durkheim
Gabriel Tarde
Cesare Lombroso
Adolphe Quetelet
22. According to him, crime results from a breakdown of social disorder as a result of loss of
standards and values, a concept he called anomie.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A
Emile Durkheim
Gabriel Tarde
Clifford Shaw
Adolphe Quetelet
23. This school of thought adopted a social ecology approach to studying cities, and
postulated that urban neighborhoods with high levels of poverty often experience
breakdown in the social structure and institutions such as family and schools. The result
is social disorganization.
a.
b.
c.
d.
C
Classical School
Positivist School
Chicago School
Lacassagne School
24. Which is a characteristic of positivist criminology?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Death Penalty for some offenses
Doctrine of Free Will
Indeterminate sentence
Anecdotal Method
A
25. This school of thought in criminology rejected Lombroso's theory of "Criminal Type" and
of "Born Criminals" by stressing the importance of social factors, but not rejecting
biological factors.
a.
b.
c.
d.
B
Chicago School
Lacassagne School
Neoclassical School
Cartographic School