Name:
Per:
Date:
Earth Layers Lab
Introduction:
Scientists
who study the earth's layers
are called geologists. Since they
cannot see the inside of the earth, they use geographical clues to help them. These clues
are gathered from activities such as volcanoes and earthquakes. From these clues,
geologists make inferences about what the inside of the earth actually looks like.
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
is a made up of different layers known as the crust, mantle,
and inner/outer core. These layers vary in depth, pressure, and temperature. Since
pressure and temperature affect density, each layer has a different density as well. The
Geologists believe the earth
density of each layer determines
its
position in the earth,
Earth La er
Densi
Crust
2.6 g/cm3
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
g/cm3
10.2 g/cm3
13.1 /cm3
.0
Analysis:
crust
1)
What layer of Earth is least dense?
2)
What layer of Earth is most dense?
3)
What is the relationship between the density and position of each Earth layer?
the outer core
the density of each layer determines its position in the earth.
4) If you were to
make a model of Earth using the materials listed below, what
should you use to represent the crust?
Material
marble
clay
the inner core?
Densi
Cla
2.0
A Marble
2.4
Aluminum Foil
1.2
/cm3
cm3
cm3
Models: A model is a tool used by scientists to represent another object that is either
too large or too small to study on its own. For instance, since atoms are too small to see,
use models to
the structure of each atomic part. Similarly, since the
on a much smaller
scale. In this activity, you will help to create a model of Earth that is 22.2 million times
smaller than the actual earth.
scientists
earth
is
illustrate
so large, scientists construct models to represent the Earth
Procedures:
1)
Carefully, cut out your
of the earth
'slice'
2)
Put your name on the back
3)
Use a calculator to determine the depth
your slice of the
earth.
Actual De th
Crust
o km
2890 km
2260 km
1220 km
4)
5)
(in centimeters)
each layer should be on
Record your data below.
Earth La er
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core
model
Scale Multi lier
De
th
on Model
(in
cm)
cm km
cm km
cm km
5 cm/km
.00 5
.00 5
.00
.00
Use a ruler to mark off the location of each layer on your slice
Use a pencil to label each layer of earth on your slice
6) Color
your slice according to the following key:
brown
a.
Crust-
b.
Mantle- yellow
c.
Outer Core- orange
d,
Inner Core- red
Conclusion:
The earth is made out of layers that separate according to their
The density of each layer is
amount of
affected
it is
the
.
of the material and the
by the
under. The thinnest and least dense layer
state of
matter even though the nickel and iron are at such a high temperature.
hand, the outer core remains in a
state of matter
On the other
even though it is
made out of the same material as the inner core since there is not enough
it
to a solid.
known as
The layer under the most pressure is known as the
Such high amounts of pressure cause this layer to remain in a
to change
is
Packet: Earth's Interior
Inner
Core
-
layer of Earth's interior
Seismic waves
in
composed
of iron
velocity
DENSITY (g!em3)
2.7 granit!c continental
3.0 basalttG oceanic
cut
MOHO
3.4-6.6
CASCADES
TRENCH
EARTH'S CENTEN
us—I
2
7000
6000
5000
3000
2000
PARTIAL MELTING
1000
unanal
0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
DEPTH
(km)
Leigh-ManueEl
-
2
and
nickel
Packet: Earth's Interior
PART QUESTIONS: MULTIPLE CHOICE
i
1.
2.
At 4,500 kilometers below the surface of the Earth, the pressure
The
a.
4
b.
2.0 million atmospheres
c.
2.8 million atmospheres
d,
3.1 million
b.
c.
d.
4,
In
7,
is
greatest
layers of Earth's interior correctly arranged
crust, mantle, inner core, outer core
b,
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
c.
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
d.
outer core, inner core, mantle, crust
The temperature
a.
200 oc
d.
6.
below the Earthls surface
of rock located
1
is
about
and pressure decrease
and pressure decrease
b.
density increases, but temperature
c.
density and temperature increase, but pressure decreases
d.
density, temperature,
Which zone
and pressure increase
of the Earthis interior
a.
outer core
br
inner core
c.
crust
d.
mantle
what
25000 c
50000 c
62000 c
none of the above
Inside Earth's interior,
d.
order of increasing density?
within the Earthis interior increases, the
density, temperature,
c.
in
,000 kilometers below the Eadh's surface
a.
b.
of
2,100 oc
2,800 oc
3,200 oc
As the depth
a.
between depths
3500 and 4000 km
250 and 500 km
1500 and 2500 km
2500 and 3500 km
a.
b.
5.
atmospheres
which group are the
c.
estimated to be
atmospheres
rate of temperature increase
a.
3.
million
is
is
is
inferred to
have a density of 10.0 grams per cubic centimeter?
the approximate temperature between the outer core
Leigh-Manuell
-
3
and
inner core?
Name:
Earthquakes
Date:
Earth Science
Period:
Supplemental: Earth's
Using the Earth Science Reference Tables, complete the chart by
Interior
and the
Interior
filling in
the inferred properties of Earth's
layers for the specific depths indicated.
Depth
Density
[g/Cm3]
6,000
km
4,000
km
2,000
km
Pressure
[million
Temperature
Layer of Earth
atmospheres)
500 km
0 km
Lithosphere
Leigh-Manuell
- 1