LESSON 1 – MORE ABOUT PLANTS
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS
FROM
SEEDS
FROM
STEM
FROM
LEAVES
FROM
ROOTS
Eg:
Pea,Soyabea
n,Corm
rose,hibiscus,sug
arcane,bougainvil
lea,potato,onion,
ginger
bryophyllum,
begonia
sweet
potato,carrot
SEED
DISPERSAL
FROM
SPORES
mushroom,
fungi bread
mould,fern
BY WIND
cotton,dandelions(have long and
fine
hair),drumstick,jacaranda,maple
(have wings)
BY WATER
coconut( light, air trapped between
fibres so that they can float)
BY ANIMALS
BY
EXPLOSION
litchi,peach,papaya,orange
(seeds thrown away germinate), animals excret seeds
they cannot digest after eating,
xanthium( cocklebur) have
hooks or splines that stick on the
fur of animals
pea,geranium,gorse pod,poppy
and balsam burst open when
ripen
CROPS - cultivated
in large quantities
- provides food
and raw materials
for cloth,medicine
and timber - is
called agriculture
KHARIF
CROPS(MANSOON
SEASON) SUMMER CROPS
FOOD CROPS
maize,rice,pulses,sugarc
ane,wheat
FIBRE CROPS
cotton, jute,flax,hemp
OIL- PRODUCTING
CROPS
canola.jatropha,mustard,
sunflower,soya bean
• CROPS -
rice,jowar,bajra,jute,hemp,peanuts,maize,pulses
• VEGETABLES -
spinach,brinjal,tomato,onion,pumpkin,garlic,
gourd
• FRUITS peach,litchi,mango,watermelon,muskmelon,plum,apricot
RABI CROPS (
WINTER
SEASON)
• CROPS - wheat,gram
• VEGETABLES radish,turnip,carrots,peas,mustard,cauliflower,c
abbage,beans
• FRUITS - apples,oranges,pomegranates
STAGES OF AGRICULTURE
1.The field is ploughed
2. Manure is added to the
soil
3. Seeds are sown
4. The field is supplied
with water - called
irrigation
5. To protect the crops
they are sprayed with
pesticides
6. The crops are then cut
and gathered - called
harvesting
7. The harvested crops grains are stored in
granaries.
TIPS FOR GROWING HEALTHY CROPS
1. Different crops - Different soil
• rice - grows in wet,clayey soil
• groundnut - grows in porous, sandy soil
2. Manure and Fertilizers - added regularly in sufficient quantities - make soil fertile
• excessive fertilizers harm the soil
3. Adequate water at different stages for proper plant growth
• rice,sugarcane need lots of water
• wheat need less water
4. Seedssown should be of good mature and quality
• should not be planted too close or deep in the soil
5. Sprayed with insecticides and pesticides to keep them free from pests, diseases and
harmful animals.
• extreme use harm the people who consumes
• bio - pesticides are biodegradable in nature and cause no harm to the
environment.
6. Weeding - removalbe of unwanted plants - done regularly.
PROTECTION OF CROPS
crops are destroyed due to
• birds, insects, pests such as rats,squirrels
• bad weather - excessive rain
• diseases - affects leaves, stem and roots
• grazing of animals - cows, goats
STORAGE OF SEEDS
1. grains stored in air tight containers after harvesting - prevent from
getting spoiled due to moisture, from rodents, birds
2. fencing fields - prevents from grazing animals eating them