2017 PHYSICAL EDUCATION KEY TOPIC TEST
SECTION 1: Multiple-choice questions (1 mark each)
Question 1
Answer: B
Explanation:
There are 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused vertebrae that make up the sacrum and 4
fused vertebrae that make up the coccyx.
Question 2
Answer: A
Explanation:
Antagonist and agonist muscles occur in pairs, called antagonistic pairs. As one muscle
contracts, the other relaxes. The trapezius and rhomboids do not have this relationship with one
another.
Question 3
Answer: A
Explanation:
A ligament is a small band of dense, white, fibrous elastic tissue that connects the ends of bones
together in order to form a joint. Tendons, on the other hand are a tough, flexible band of fibrous
connective tissue that connects muscles to bones.
Question 4
Answer: C
Explanation:
A movement during which the articulating bones and the angle of the joint is decreasing is called
flexion. An increase in the joint angle involves extension, whereas movement of a body part
away from the midline of the body is known as abduction and adduction is movement of a body
part back towards the midline.
TSSM 2017
Page 2 of 6
2017 PHYSICAL EDUCATION KEY TOPIC TEST
Question 5
Answer: A
Explanation:
A plank, wall sit or flexed arm are all examples of activities that incorporate isometric
contractions. An isometric contraction is when there is force generated by the contracting
muscle/s while the muscle/s experience no change in the length.
SECTION 2: Short-answer questions
Question 1
a.
Gliding – e.g. carpal bones and tarsal bones
Condyloid – e.g. the radio-carpal joint of the wrist
Saddle – e.g. the carpal-metacarpal joint of the thumb
Hinge – e.g. elbow joint and knee joints
Ball and Socket – e.g. hip and shoulder joints
Pivot – e.g. the joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas-axis)
(1/2 mark per correct answer) 3 marks
b. The features of a synovial joint:
A synovial joint joins bones with a fibrous joint capsule that is continuous with the periosteum
of the joined bones, constitutes the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bones'
articulating surfaces. The synovial (or joint) cavity is filled with synovial fluid. The joint capsule
is made up of an outer layer which keeps the bones together structurally, and an inner layer, the
synovial membrane, which seals in the synovial fluid. They are the most common and most
movable type of joint in the body
(Any 3 of the above features correctly identified and outlined) 3 marks
Total 6 marks
TSSM 2017
Page 3 of 6
2017 PHYSICAL EDUCATION KEY TOPIC TEST
Question 2
In descending order the bones are as follows:
Left Side
Cranium (skull)
Mandible
Vertebrae (cervical)
Vertebrae (thoracic)
Vertebrae (lumbar)
Pelvis
Sacrum
Coccyx
Right Side
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Ribcage
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Calcaneus
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
(1/2 mark per correct response)
TSSM 2017
13 marks
Page 4 of 6
2017 PHYSICAL EDUCATION KEY TOPIC TEST
Question 3
Label the muscles of the body below by placing their names in the spaces provided.
(1/2 mark per correct response)
5 marks
Question 4
a.
-
Skeletal e.g. biceps, triceps and trapezius etc.
Smooth e.g. small intestine, walls of blood vessels and walls of the stomach etc.
Cardiac e.g. heart muscle
(1/2 mark for type of muscle and 1/2 mark for appropriate example)
TSSM 2017
3 marks
Page 5 of 6
2017 PHYSICAL EDUCATION KEY TOPIC TEST
b. Antagonist and agonist muscles often occur in pairs, called antagonistic pairs. As one
muscle contracts, the other relaxes. The biceps and triceps are one example of a pair of
muscles that have this relationship with one another. In a bicep curl the bicep muscle is
the agonist creating the movement, where as the triceps muscles are the antagonist as they
relax during the movement.
3 marks
c.
-
Genetics
Age
Gender
Muscle fibre type
Overtraining/Overuse/Fatigue
Injury
Lack of weight bearing exercise
Poor flexibility/range of motion in the joints
Any 3 of the above responses with a suitable explanation
3 marks
Total 9 marks
Question 5
a. Reciprocal inhibition describes the process of muscles on one side of a joint relaxing to
accommodate contraction on the other side of that joint. Joints are controlled by two opposing
sets of muscles, extensors and flexors, which must work in synchrony for smooth movement
e.g. when kicking a football, the quadriceps contract while the hamstrings relax.
2 marks
b.
Joints of the skull: Fibrous
Joints of the pelvis: Fibrous
Wrist: Synovial Condyloid
The first cervical vertebra: Synovial Pivot
(1/2 mark per correct response)
2 marks
Total 4 marks
TSSM 2017
Page 6 of 6