Agriculture and fisheries, which rely heavily on weather conditions — either directly or
indirectly – are becoming increasingly vulnerable to the effects of climate change (IPCC,
2012). Warmer, wetter weather would be beneficial to some crops. Other crops may be less
heat tolerant or suffer from drier circumstances. The overall effect is determined by the crop
and its location. Climate change has a variety of effects on agriculture. Climate change is
threatening food security in the world. Rising temperatures can reduce desirable crops' yields
and encourage pest proliferation. Climate change is already affecting the production of food
globally. It is expected to increase the likelihood of food shortages for some vulnerable groups.
Heatwaves can limit the growth of crops if they occur during the flowering or fruit set stages.
They can also cause wilted plants if their transpiration rates are elevated. Food production in
vulnerable places can be maintained, but investments inappropriate agriculture technologies
are required right now, because some of the most effective climate change solutions, such as
more resilient crop types and livestock breeds, can take up to 20 years to produce. Despite the
urgency of our efforts to minimize the effects of climate change, they will have minimal impact
over the next 50 years. Past greenhouse gas emissions have already laid the stage for changes
during this time period.