M6: Genetic Change
IQ2: Summary Table – Biotechnology
Name of
Biotechnology
Description of
Biotechnology
Scientific Process
Desired Product + Benefits
Example(s)
Animal: Domestic dog –
humans have been breeding
for 14 000 years
Selective
breeding aka
artificial
selection
People selected
organisms that they
wished to cross-breed,
ensuring that selected
individuals possessed
desirable characteristics
that could be passed on
to future generations
(taken from Biology in
Focus, p. 261)
1. Breeder chooses
parents with two
phenotypic traits that
are beneficial.
2. Parents are made to
breed with each
other and produce
favourable offspring.
Resulted in stronger, healthier
offspring than inbreeding – a
phenomenon known today as
hybrid vigour (taken from
Biology in Focus, p. 261).
Resulted in tastier fruits and
vegetables, crops with greater
resistance to pests and larger
animals that can be used for
meat (Carol, 2021).
Plant: Cabbage, broccoli,
cauliflower, Brussels sprouts,
and kale are all vegetables
derived from the same
plant, Brassica oleracea, also
known as wild cabbage. By
isolating wild cabbage plants
with specific characteristics,
farmers were able to create a
variety of vegetables from a
single source, each with
different flavours and textures.
Broccoli, for example, was
developed from wild cabbage
plants that had enlarged
flower development while kale
was derived from Brassica
oleracea with larger leaves
(Carol, 2021).
M6: Genetic Change
IQ2: Summary Table – Biotechnology
Name of
Biotechnology
Description of
Biotechnology
Scientific Process
Desired Product + Benefits
Example(s)
Description of
Biotechnology
Scientific Process
Desired Product + Benefits
Example(s)
Artificial
Pollination
(research)
Artificial
Insemination
(research)
Name of
Biotechnology
M6: Genetic Change
IQ2: Summary Table – Biotechnology
Whole organism cloning:
Cloning
(from Atomi)
Name of
Biotechnology
Gene cloning:
Description of
Biotechnology
Scientific Process
Desired Product + Benefits
Example(s)
M6: Genetic Change
IQ2: Summary Table – Biotechnology
Recombinant
DNA*
(from Atomi)
Transgenic
Organisms*
(from Atomi)