CULTURAL HERITAGE
→ The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible
attributes of a group or society that is inherited from
past generations.
→ Not all legacies of past generations are “heritage”,
rather heritage is a product of selection by society.
HOW RELEVANT IS THE CULTURAL HERITAGE TO
HUMANKIND?
→ Cultural heritage relies on the memory of
communities and individuals; it is key to identify,
well-being, decisions and actions. Although
memories are not always positive, and can be
contested, they are an integral part of individuals,
communities and societies. Cultural heritage is a
powerful tool in determining what is rememberedand what is forgotten.
TWO TYPES OF HERITAGE
1. Tangible Heritage
→ Objects, artifacts, buildings, place and monuments
→ Has a physical presence
→ Ex. St. Matthias Church in Tumauini Isabela,
Manunggul Jar in Palawan, Rice Terraces of the
Cordilleras, Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City,
Kalasag of the Filipino Tribes, Laguna Copperplate
Inscription
2. Intangible Heritage
→ The traditions and living expressions inherited from
ancestors and passed on to descendants.
→ Includes cultural practices, superstitions, oral
traditions and language skills, techniques and
knowledges including dance, songs, stories, crafts,
medicines, and designs
→ Ex. Hudhud Chants of the Ifugaos, Singkil by the
Maranaos, Weaving of banig in Samar, Filipino
Traditional Healers (Albularyo)
Batawi
Kulintang
Kudyapi
Kampilan
Bahay tsinoy- museo
Planetarium
Meralco museum- paglikha ng kuryente
Botocan Hydro station
Philippine science centrum
TOP 15 MOST HISTORICAL PLACES IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Rizal Park
Rizal Monument
→ A memorial in Rizal Park in Manila, Philippines built
to commemorate the executed Filipino nationalist,
Jose Rizal. The monument consists of standing
bronze sculpture of Rizal, with an obelisk, set on a
stone base within which his remains are interred,
holding his 2 famous novels “El Filibusterismo and
Noli Me Tangere”.
Gomburza
→ Refers to three Filipino Catholic priests, Mariano
Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, who were
executed by garrote in February 17, 1872 in
Bagumbayan, Philippines by Spanish colonial
authorities on charges of subversion arising from the
1872 Cavite mutiny.
December 30, 1896
→
Dr. Jose Rizal was shot to death at Bagumbayan
(present day Luneta or Rizal park), Manila, by a
firing squad of native soldiers.
2. Aguinaldo Shrine
→ Located in Kawit, Cavite
→ The home of the first and youngest president of the
Republic of the Philippines, Emilio Aguinaldo.
The balcony of the Aguinaldo Shrine
→ A historical place where the first Philippines flag was
waved that symbolizes the Country’s Independence
in 1898.
3. Sigaw sa Pugad-Lawin
Cry of Pugad
→ The beginning of the Philippine Revolution against
the Spanish Empire.
→ The term cry referred to the first clash between the
Katipuneros and the Civil Guards. The cry could also
refer to the tearing up of community tax certificates
in defiance of their allegiance to Spain
4. Simbahan ng Barasoain
Barasoain Church
→ A Roman Catholic church built in 1888 in Malolos,
Bulacan.
→ Having earned the title as the “Cradle of Democracy
in the East, the most important religious building in
the Philippines”, and the site of the First Philippine
Republic, the church is proverbial for its historical
importance among Filipinos.
THREE MAJOR EVENTS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY HAPPENED
IN THIS CHURCH:
1. The conveying of the First Philippine Congress (September
15, 1898)
2. The drafting of the Malolos Constitution (September 29,
1898 to January 21, 1899)
3. The inauguration of the First Philippine Republic (January
23, 1899)
Barasoain Church
→ By presidential Decree No. 260, Barasoain Church
was proclaimes as a National Shrine by president
Ferdinand Marcos on August 1, 1973.
5. EDSA Shrine
The Shirine of Mary
→ Queen of Peace, Our Lady of EDSA, or more
popularly, the EDSA Shrine is a small church of
Roman Catholic
Archdiocese of Manila
→ Located at the intersection of Ortigas Avenue and
Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) in Barangay
Ugong Norte, Quezon City.
6. Shrine of Valor
→ It was erected atop Mt. Samat to memorialize the
gallantry and epitomize the heroic stand of the
Filipino and American forces who fought relentlessly
from January to April 1943 at the Bataan Peninsula,
→ The 73,665-hectare park itself is part of the bloody
battlefield where the Philippines most intense fight
against the Japanese Imperial forces took place.
Almost half of the combined Filipino and American
forces lost their lives in battle.
7. Corregidor
→ A small rocky island located at the entrance of
Manila Bay. It was once the headquarters of allied
Filipino and American forces who fought against the
Japanese during World War II, and a witness to the
braveries of these soldiers.
→ While the Japanese had occupied lots of places in
the Philippines, they avoided Corregidor because of
the fear of the huge canyons surrounding the place.
April 9, 1942
→ The fall of Bataan ended all organized opposition by
the U.S Army Forces Far East to the invading
Japanese forces on Luzon, in the Northern
Philippines.
8. Magellan’s Cross
→ A Christian cross planted by explorers of the Spanish
expedition of the first circumnavigation of the world,
leaded by Ferdinand Magellan, upon arriving in
Cebu in the Philippines on April 21, 1521.
→ This cross is housed in a chapel next to the Basilica
del Santo Niño on Magellanes Street, just in front of
Cebu City’s center.
→ A sign below the cross states that the original cross
is encased inside the wooden cross made of tindaloo
wood. This is to protect the original cross from
people who chipped away parts of the cross for
souvenir purposes in the belief that the cross
possesses miraculous powers.
9. Fort Santiago
→ This is where Dr. Jose Rizal was imprisoned before
his execution. It’s also where some soldiers were
held.
→ Hundreds of lives were lost in this Philippine
landmark during Spanish Colonial Period and World
War II. Today, Fort Santiago is on of the major tourist
spots for historical places in Manila and in the
Philippines.
10. Dapitan
→ It is historically significant as the place where Jose
Rizal was exiled by the Spanish colonial authorities
for his threat to start revolutionary activities.
11. Intramuros
→ The oldest and the historic core of Manila and built
with defensive walls against foreign invasions, hence
being called the Walled City. Here you can see the
preserved Spanish colonial structures from
government offices to residential areas and souvenir
shops.
12. Leyte Landing Memorial Park
→ Also known as the MacArthur Leyte Landing
Memorial.
→ National Park is one of the most famous monuments
in the Philippines.
13. Biak na Bato
→ This is the famous landmark in the Philippines where
Emilio Aguinaldo and other revolutionaries
established the Biak na Bato Republic to be free from
Spaniards.
14. Mactan Shrine
→ The 65 ft. bronze monument of Datu Lapu-Lapu
→ This is the site of the battle of Mactan where Datu
Lapu-Lapu defeated the Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan in 1521.
→ One of the famous Philippines landmarks and was
built in honor of Lapu-Lapu.
15. Blood Compact Shrine
→ The iconic statue of men performing the traditional
sandugo with an ocean view
→ The Sandugo or Blood Compact Shrine monument in
Tagbilaran is a landmark at the site of the first
international treaty of friendship between Spaniards
and Filipinos. This Bohol tourist spot depicts Sikatuna
and Legazpi at the famed Sandugo moment
SOME OF THE MOST IMPORTANT HISTORICAL EVENTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
1. 1542
→ Spanish expeditions claim the islands and names
them the Philippines after the heir to the Spanish
throne
2. 1872
→ Execution of GomBurZa-the 3 martyrs
3. 1889
→ Founding of La Solidaridad
4. 1896
→ Dr. Jose Rizal was executed
5. 1897
→ Pact of Biak-na-Bato
6. 1898
→ Proclamation of Philippine Independence
7. 1902
→ Philippine-American War formally ends as US civil
government replaces military rule
8. 1941
→ Japan seizes the Philippines
9. 1943
→ Fall of Bataan
10. 1944
→ US forces retake islands
11. 1946
→ Islands granted full independence and renamed
Republic of the Philippines
12. 1972
→ Marcos declares martial law
13. 1977
→ Opposition leader Benigno Aquino sentenced to
death, but Marcos delays execution
14. 1983
→ Aquino returns to the Philippines, but is shot dead as
he leaves the plane amid suspicions of official
military involvement
15. 1986
→ People Power Revolution to oust Marcos and stop
the martial law