WIGG Model:
Karl Wiig KM model (1993) highlights the following principle: in order for knowledge to be
useful and valuable, it must be organized. Knowledge should be organized differently depending
on what the knowledge will be used for.
Some useful dimensions in the Wiigs KM model are:
1. Completeness
2. Connectedness
3. Congruency
4. Perspective and purpose
Completeness:
s refers to how much relevant knowledge is available from a given source. Sources can vary
from human minds to knowledge bases (i.e, tactic or explicit knowledge).We first need to
ascertain that the knowledge is out there, the knowledge may be complete if all the information
available on the subject is there but if no one knows of its existence, yjey cannot make use of this
knowledge.
Connectedness:
Refers to the well-understood and well-defined relations between the different knowledge
objects. Most knowledge objects are connected to each other, the more connected a knowledge
base is then the more coherent the content and the greater its value.
Congruency:
A knowledge base is said to be congruent when all the facts, concepts, perspectives, values,
judgments, and relational links between the objects are consistent. Most knowledge content will
not meet such ideals.
Perspective and purpose:
It is a phenomena through which we know something but from a particular point of view for a
specific purpose. We organize much of our knowledge using the dual dimensions of perspective
and purpose.
Forms of knowledge:
1. Public knowledge:
Explicit, taught, and routinely shared knowledge that is generally available in the public domain
(book, website, etc)
2. Shared expertise:
Proprietary knowledge assets that are exclusively held by knowledge workers and shared in their
work or embedded in technology, usually communicated via specialized languages and
representations (communities of practice)
3. Personal knowledge:
The least accessible but most complete form of knowledge, typically more tacit and used
unconsciously in work, play, and daily life
Types of knowledge:
1. Factual knowledge:
Typically directly observable and verifiable content such as data, causal chains, measurements,
and readings
2. Expectational knowledge:
Judgments, hypotheses, and expectations held by knows, such as intuition, hunches, preferences,
and heuristics that we use in decision-making.
3. Conceptual knowledge:
Deals with systems, concepts, and perspectives such as the concept of a track record or a bull
market.
4. Methodological knowledge:
Deals with reasoning, strategies, decision-making methods, and other techniques, such as
learning from past mistakes or forecasting based on analyses of trends.