Lower Secondary
Science Resource
Topic: Cells
Let’s look at the differences and similarities between
plant cells and animal cells.
Only plant cells have these:
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Questions
1.
Why do you only find chloroplasts in plant cells and not in animal cells? Plants carry out photosynthesis.
2.
Complete the table below:
Animal Cell
Plant cell
Nucleus


Cell Wall

Chloroplast
X
X
Ribosomes


Mitochondria


Cytoplasm


Cell Membrane

Permanent Vacuole
X



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What are the functions of different parts of a cell?
Nucleus:
Controls the activities of the cell
Cell Membrane: Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Cytoplasm: Where most of the chemical reactions happen
Cell Wall:
Vacuole:
Strengthens the cell and gives support
Contains cell sap - gives support to the cell
Chloroplast: Contains chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
On the next slide let’s see if you remember how
to label animal and plant cells.
You are not expected to know the words in
the yellow boxes. The Mitochondrion (where
respiration takes place) and Ribosomes (where
proteins are made) are very small structures not
usually visible with a light microscope.
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Let’s look at some cells under the microscope.
Human blood cells
White blood cell –
with lobed nucleus
Red blood cells with no nuclei
Human cheek cells
Nucleus
Human sperm cells
Leaf cells
Top of leaf
Palisade cells
Bottom of leaf
Think about the root hair cell
in plants.
It is ‘suited’ to its job of taking
in water and nutrients in two
ways:
1. It has a large surface area.
2. It has a thin cell membrane.
A sperm cell is an example of
a specialised animal cell.
Strong tail for
swimming
It has a strong tail for
swimming and a vacuole
containing enzymes.
Vacuole containing enzymes
More specialised animal cells
ID: Red Blood Cell
Function: Carries oxygen
around the body.
Features: No nucleus, large
surface area, packed with
haemoglobin to carry as much
oxygen as possible.
White blood cell
Egg cell (ovum)
Ciliated epithelial cell
The white blood cell makes antibodies and moves to ‘engulf’ harmful
bacteria.
An ovum contains half of the genes needed to make up a new animal
and contains lots of essential nutrients.
Nerve cell (neurone)
Ciliated cells have hair-like cilia which move mucus containing trapped dust
and bacteria.
Nerve cells are long and thin and are insulated to keep the
electrical impulses in the cell.
Cells, tissues, organs and systems
ALL living things are made up of cells.
A group of cells makes up a tissue.
A group of tissues makes up an organ.
A group of organs makes up a system.
A group of systems makes up an
organism.
CELLS make TISSUES make ORGANS make ORGAN SYSTEMS make ORGANISMS
Let’s look at some systems in the human body.
Can you name them?
Digestive system
Skeletal system
Respiratory system
Circulatory system
Muscular system