Draw a map of the world.
 Label 0 latitude and 0 longitude.
 Draw and label the continents.
 Label the oceans.
 Draw and label a major mountain range on each
continent.
 Draw and label one major river on each
continent.
 Draw and label one country on each continent.
 Draw and label one capital city on each
continent.
Unit 3
Arabia
 Mostly desert
except
for coasts
 Most people
were herders
and traders
called
Bedouins
 Cities developed around
trade including Mecca
Religious Diversity in Arabia
 Many religions were
present in Arabia in the
early 600s
 Christianity


Orthodox
Coptic
 Jews
 Zoroastrians
 Polytheistic faiths
Muhammad
 Born in 570 C.E. into a
powerful clan
 Started working as a
caravan trader at an early age
 Around 40 years old Muhammad
was visited by the angel Gabriel
 Gabriel revealed a new prophecy
which Muhammad memorized
and began preaching
Spread of Islam
 Muhammad's ideas quickly spread across the region
 His ideas made the elites in Mecca nervous
 He fled from Mecca to Yathrib to avoid persecution
from authorities
 This was known as the “hijrah” or flight
 A few years later Muhammad and 10,000 followers
reentered Mecca
Faith of Islam
 Islam – “Submission to the will of Allah”
 Muslim – “ One who has submitted”
 Holy book of Islam
Qur’an
 Muslims consider the
Arabic text to be the literal
word of God
 Muslims try to memorize
the Qur’an in Arabic
 Even if they don’t speak
the language
Foundations of Islam
 Muslims must follow the Five Pillars
 There is only one God and
Muhammad is His messenger
 Muslims must pray five times
daily toward Mecca
 Must pay “Zakat” a tax
for the poor
 Muslims must fast during
the holy month of Ramadan
 Muslims must make a
pilgrimage to the holy site
of Mecca
The Kaaba in Mecca
Life for Muslims
 Live a humble life
 Be tolerant and generous
 Do not eat pork or drink alcohol
 Jihad – Struggle to defend the faith
 Greater Jihad – Internal struggle to live well and
overcome base desires
 Lesser Jihad –Struggle to defend Islam



Dar al-Islam – House of Islam
Dar al-Harb – House of War
May be violent or not
Most Muslims see this as requiring a group consensus and
focus more on the House of Islam
Holy Texts
 The most important text to Muslims is the Qur’an
 This is the direct revelation from God recited to
Muhammad
 Hadith – Traditions of the prophet
 Sayings and other stories attributed to the prophet or his
followers
 There are four major collections and they are not
universally accepted by all Muslims
Crash Course Islam
World Religions Notebook
 Create an entry for Judaism in your World Religions
Notebook
 Include the following
 Origins (Location and story of how the religion began)
 Important symbols of the faith
 Prophet (Describe three major prophets of this faith
 Map (Map at the time of this religion’s beginning and
height. Shaded for each)
 Demographics (How many people in the world follow
this faith? List the top three countries and how many
followers are in that country)
 What are the major beliefs of this faith
 What are the major sects or divisions in this faith (How
did they split and what are their differences in belief)
Koran By Heart
Qur’an and Hadith Writing
Assignment
 You will explore passages in the Qur’an and Hadith to better understand the
diversity present in Islam
 Choose one of the Five Pillars or another topic (marriage, dress, food, etc…)
 Find passages from the Qur’an and passages from the Hadith that address this
topic
 Use the University of Southern California Center for Muslim-Jewish
Engagement http://cmje.usc.edu/religious-texts/home/
 Answer the following
 How does the Qur’an treat this topic?
 How does the Hadith complement it?
 Are there differences between the two?
 How do you understand the difference between the Qur’an, which Muslims
consider the revealed word of God, and the Hadith, which are the sayings of
God’s messenger, Muhammad, who Muslims believe is an exemplar of proper
Muslim behavior?
 Place the treatment of the subject by these texts within the context of what we
have learned about Islam. Why would these rules and laws exist given the world
Muslims lived in?
Islam Expands
 Expansion 622-632
 Expansion 632-661
 Expansion 661-750
Muhammad’s successors
 Muhammad did not appoint a successor
 Muslims selected Abu-Bakr “Caliph”
 The next 3 caliphs are known as the Rightly Guided
Caliphs
Expansion
 Muslim armies were well organized and powerful
 They were also fighting weakened neighbors such as
the Byzantines and Sassanids
 People were sick of persecution by previous state
religions and Muslims were very tolerant to conquered
peoples
Crisis
 When the last rightly guided Caliph died different
groups fought for control of the Muslim community
 Two branches of Islam were created after the Umayyad
family took power
Schism
 Sunni
 Party of the Umayyad
family
 Believe Muslims should
follow Muhammad’s
example
 Muslim rulers do not
need to be related to
Muhammad
 Shi’a
 Believe that Caliphs
should be related to
Muhammad
 Feel that Ali should
have been the second
leader of Islam
 See divinity in the ruler
of the community
What do the following words have in
common?
 Algebra
 Cotton
 Guitar
 Lemon
 Soda
 Sofa
Trade
 Muslims expanded trade throughout the middle East
and into Europe
 Textiles, Metalwork, Jewelry, Perfume, and spice were a
few goods Muslims traded
 Ideas were also exchanged and the Muslim world was
seen as a center of learning
Islamic World C.E. 814
Govt. and Society
 The Islamic Empire split into 3 parts
 Baghdad (Iraq)
 Cairo (Egypt)
 Cordoba (Spain)
 Qur’an discouraged slavery
Women's Roles
 “Men are the managers of the affairs of woman”
 Each family member had specific roles
 Men provided for the family
 Women maintained the home and raised the
children
 Women could own property and go to school
 Modern practices concerning women vary widely
across the Muslim world
Marriage
 Marriages were arranged
 Men could have several wives
 Over time some Muslims have begun limiting the
rights of woman while others have expanded them
Scientific Achievements
 Medicine - knowledge among the best in the world
 Dissection, drugs, study of disease
 Geography – Due to experience in trade Muslims had
good maps and tools
 Compiled maps from abroad
 Used astrolabe
 Muslims continued the old Greek and Roman
philosophical and scientific tradition
 Mathematics – Base 10 number system still used today
 Invented Algebra “Al-Jabr”
Arts
 Most art focused on geometric designs and patterns
instead of people
 Architecture – Mosques became more elaborate and
built minarets
 The Thousand and One Nights
 Collection of Muslim stories told around the world
Byzantine Empire
 After the fall of Rome, Byzantium remained in the east
 650 CE
Justinian
 Emperor 527-567 C.E.
 Led a revival of Byzantium
 Expanded Borders
of the Empire
 Ruled with absolute power
and authority
 A massive revolt broke out
over taxes and harsh rule
which he brutally suppressed
by luring rebels into the hippodrome and having them
killed by the army
Justinian Code
 Justinian enacted the
“Codex Justinianus” in
the early 6th century
 This was based on the
recorded laws of Rome
 Became the Basis of
English Civil Law
Emblem of the Emperor
Theodora
 Justinian’s wife
 Rose from humble
beginnings to become
Empress
 Expanded the rights of
woman
 Exercised tremendous
power over the Empire
Military
 The empire had a powerful military force
 General Belisarius was responsible for the expansion of
the empire
 Strong navy using “Greek Fire”
Church
 Strong differences between Western Church (Pope)
and east (Constantinople)
 Byzantines were against veneration of idols
 Iconoclastic controversy – Argument between east and
west which
resulted in the split of the church
Great Schism
 The Pope and the
Emperor of
Byzantium
excommunicated
each other
 In 1054 the
Orthodox and
Catholic churches
split apart in the
Great Schism
Culture
 Constantinople – One of the greatest cities in the
world
 Hagia Sophia – “Church of Holy Wisdom” built in 532
C.E. Architectural triumph
 Created many religious paintings
Constantinople
Hagia Sophia
Decline
 Over time the Empire began to weaken
 Seljuk Turks began conquering lands in Asia Minor,
and Christian crusaders looted and pillaged the city
 In 1453 C.E. Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks
 1180 CE
Ch 11 Sec 2
Geography
 Russia extends from Europe to Asia and encompasses
the Carpathian and Ural mountains.
 Grassy plains called steppes – good for farming
Kievan Russia
 Kiev and Novgorod lay among major trade routes
 Trade flourished on the route between Constantinople
and the Baltic Sea
Government
 Boyars – Nobles who
ruled the region
 Yaroslavl the Wise –
Created the Pravda
Russkia a law book based
on tribal customs and
traditions
Religion
 Christianity spread in the 800s C.E.
 Ruler Vladamir I converted to
Orthodox Christianity
The Mongols
 Kiev began to decline and was eventually sacked by
raiders
 This weakness allowed eastern invaders known as the
Mongols to capture the area in 1240 C.E.
 In the late 1400s the Mongols began to weaken
Moscow
 Ivan III “The Great” United the region around Moscow
to claim independence from the Mongols
 Ivan IV “The Terrible” – Took title “Czar”
 Had many people including his son killed, and beat
his pregnant daughter-in-law to miscarriage
Church
 The Russian church over time became powerful and
took large amounts of land
 When Constantinople fell the center of the Orthodox
church moved to Moscow
 Rise of the “third Rome”
The Mongols
Tang and Sung Dynasties
China
 With the fall of the Han dynasty China was ruled by
the Sui dynasty (581-618)
 Short lived
 Created the Grand Canal
 Fell quickly due to disastrous military campaigns and
peasant revolts
Grand Canal
 Built to link
northern and
southern China
Tang (618-907)
 China began
expanding under
the Tang
Tang
Literature
• Li Bo and Du Fu became poets
• Wrote about Daoism and Confucianism
Religion
• Zen Buddhism spread into China
• When Buddhism became too powerful it was restricted and
Confucianism returned
Xian
• New Capital of China
Sung (960-1279)
 During Sung
rule China was
invaded by Jin
tribes from the
north
Civil Service System
• Improved fairness of the CSS
Inventions
• Gunpowder
• Movable type
City and Rural life
• Population rose along with taxes on peasants
• Woman in cities began foot binding