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Questions from Quiz online
Physiological Systems (University of Technology Sydney)
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1 Homeostasis is the ability of the body to:
A
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
Prevent the external environment from
changing
Prevent the internal environment from changing
Quickly restore changed conditions to
normal
Ignore external stimuli to remain in a state of
rest
2
Which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+,
.
large anions and proteins??
A
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
E
.
Plasma
Interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid
A and C
A and B
3
An excitatory postsynaptic potential
.
(EPSP):
A
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
Depolarizes a neuron, making it harder to fire
Hyperpolarizes a neuron, making it harder to
fire
Depolarizes a neuron, making it easier to
fire
Hyperpolarizes a neuron, making it easier to
fire
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4
All of the following are mediated transport
.
except:
A
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
Facilitated diffusion
Primary active transport
Simple diffusion
Secondary active transport
5
What are the 2 extracellular fluid compartments in
.
the body
A
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
E
.
Intracellular and plasme
Plasma and interstitial
Interstitial and intracellular
Plasma and the fluid portion of the blood
None of these
6
The means by which a cell transports large particles out of the
.
cell is called
A
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
E
.
Phagocytosis
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Diffusion
Active transport
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7
Which of these neurotransmitters is the most
.
abundant
A
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
E
.
Acetylycholine
GABA
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
8
. Hypoosmotic solutions have:
A
.
B
.
C
.
D
.
E
.
Higher concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic solutions
Lower concentrations of solutes than other hypoosmotic
solutions
The same concentration of solutes as hyperosmotic solutions
Have lower concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic
solutions
None of these
9 Which of the following statements about the Na+/K+ pump is
FALSE
A
B
C
D
It transport Na+ and K+ in a 2:1 ratio
It transports Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell
It is present in neurons
Its activity requires the expenditure of metabolic energy
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1
Voltage-gated channels and antiport carriers are both
0.
type of
A.
B.
C.
D.
Structural proteins
Enzymes
Transporters
Receptors
1
As the charge on the membrane of a typical neuron
1.
approaches 0 from -70mV, the cell is:
A.
B
C
.
D
.
E.
Repolarizing
Hyperpolarizing
Depolarizing
Becoming more difficult to stimulate
B and D
1
Integration of a reflex always occurs
2.
in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
PNS
CNS
ANS
Dorsal root ganglia
1 If a 10% sucrose solution is separated from a 20% sucrose
3. solution by a membrane impermeable to sucrose, in which
direction will net movement of water occur
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
From the 10% sucrose solution to the 20% sucrose solution
From the 20% sucrose solution to the 10% sucrose solution
There will be no net movement of water in this case
A and B
None of the above
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1
Match the brain area with its location:All
4.
lobes
A.
B.
C.
D.
Primary somatic sensory cortex
Visual cortex
Auditory cortex
Assoication areas
1
5. Parietal lobe:
A. Primary somatic sensory
cortex
B. Visual cortex
C. Auditory cortex
D. Association areas
1
6. Temporal lobe:
A. Primary somatic sensory
cortex
B. Visual cortex
C. Auditory cortex
D. Association areas
1
7. Occipital lobe:
A. Primary somatic sensory
cortex
B. Visual cortex
C. Auditory cortex
D. Association areas
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1
Gated channels for sodium ions may
8.
include:
A. Mechanical gates, which respond to pressure
B. Chemical gates which respond to ligands
C. Voltage gates which respond to electrical
signals
D. All of these
E. None of these
1
Chemical signals released into synapses are
9.
called
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hormones
Amino acids
Neurotransmitters
Codons
Anticodons
2
The afferent and efferent axons together
0.
form the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Central nervous system
Autonomic division sytem
Somatic motor division of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Visceral nervous system
2
1. Interneurons are found;
A.
B.
C.
D.
Only in the brain
Only in the spinal cord
Only in the CNS
Throughout the nervous
system
E. Only in spinal nerves
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2
2. A cell membrane that is selectively permeable:
A. Randomly chooses what substances will pass through
B. Can change which substances pass through by changing its
lipid and protein content
C. Is impermeable to all substances but water
D. Will only allow substances in or out if their concentration in the
cell is above or below a certain point
2
Receptor molecules for chemical signaling are
3.
located:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
In the membrane
In the cytosol
In the nucleus
B and C
All of these
2 With the exception of olfaction, all sensory pathways first
4. travel to the ______ which acts as a relay and processing
station:
A. Cerebrum
B. Thalamus
C. Cerebellum
D. Hypothalamus
E. Medulla oblongata
2
Cyclic AMP (cAMP), cGMP and calcium
5.
are all:
A.
B.
C.
D.
First messengers
Second messengers
Cytokines
Hormones
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2
Receptors on the surface of the
6.
target cell:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
May allow a particular ligand to bind
Determine the target cell's response
Bind to all ligands
A and B
B and C
2
The increasingly forceful uterine contractions that lead to
7.
childbirth are an example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Receptor activation
Effector shutdown
Negative feedback
Positive feedback
None of these
2 The concentration of calcium inside a cell is 0.3%. The
8. concentration of calcium outside the cell is 0.1%. How could
the cell transport even more calcium to the inside:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Passive transport
Active transport
Osmosis
Exocytosis
All of these will work
2
Water will always move from ________ areas to _____
9.
areas
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hyperosmostic, hyposmotic
Hyposmotic, hyperosmotic
Hyposmotic, isosmotic
Hyperosmotic, isomotic
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3
The axon is conntected to the cell body
0.
by the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Myelin sheath
Axon terminal
Collaterals
Axon hillock
Synapse
3
Which of the following does not influence membrane
1.
permeability
A.
B.
C.
D.
Size of diffusing molecules
Lipid solubility of diffusing molecules
Thickness of lipid bilayer
Number of protein channels
3
Passive transport refers to a process that
2.
requires
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
No energy at all
No cellular energy
No pressure gradient
No concentration gradient
No electrical gradient
3
Gated channels for sodium ions may
3.
include:
A. Mechanical gates, which respond to pressure
B. Chemical gates which respond to ligands
C. Voltage gates which respond to electrical
signals
D. All of these
E. None of these
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3
In general, the nervous system is composed of 2 types
4.
of cells
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Motor
Neurons
Sensory
Glial
B and d
3 When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates
5. physiological changes to decrease body temperature. This is
an example of
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Negative feedback
Positive feedback
Homeostatic regulation
Diagnostic regulation
Disease
3
6. When adenyl cyclase is activated,
A. Calcium ions are released from intracellular
stores
B. CAMP is formed
C. CAMP is broken down
D. Protein kinases are metabolized
E. Steroids are produced
3
The ion that plays a key role in initiating electrical signals in
7.
neurons is
A.
B.
C.
D.
K+
Na+
ClCa2+
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3
Which of these does not respond to extracellular signal
8.
molecules
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Chemically gated channel
Receptor enzyme
Voltage gated channel
G protein
Integrin
3
A cascade reaction is
9.
caused by
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Second messengers
Cytosolic receptors
Nuclear receptors
Ligands
Lipidophilic signal molecules
4
Which group of elements makes up more than 90% of the
0.
bodys mass
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
O,H,Na
C,Na,K
O,Ca,H
Ca,C,O
O,C,H
4
Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane
1.
proteins
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Bind to ligands
Produce energy
Act as transport molecules for various solutes
Anchor or stabilize the cell membrane
Regulate the passage of ions
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4
Cell membranes are said
2.
to be
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Impermeable
Freely permeable
Selectively permeable
Actively permeable
None of these
4
Which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+
3.
andions and proteins (albumins)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Plasma
Interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid
A and C
A and B
4
What do active transport, phagocytosis, exocytosis and
4.
endocytosis all have in common
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
They all require ATP
They all move substances with the concentration gradient
They all use small vesicles
All cells use all of these forms of transport
None of these
4
5. Cells may communicate with one another by/through:
A. Transferring signal molecules to adjacent cells through gap
junctions
B. Locally acting chemicals, called paracrines, autocrines or
neuromodulators
C. Long-distance means, which rely on combinations of electrical
and chemical signals
D. A and B
E. A,B and C
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4
Which of these is an example of a paracrine signal
6.
molecule?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Insulin
Prostaglandins
CAMP
Acetylcholine ACh
Ca2+
4
Each of the following is an example of homeostasis except
7.
one. Identify the exception
A. Increased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower
blood pressure
B. A rise in blood calcium levels triggers mechanisms to lower blood
pressure
C. A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the
number of progesterone receptors in the uterus
D. Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from
the pancreas which stimulates the liver to store blood sugar
E. A decrease in body temperature triggers a neural response which
initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature
4
Which brain area is considered to be the integrating center
8.
for homeostasis
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
Pituitary gland
Brain stem
Medulla
4
Information coming into the central nervous system is
9.
transmitted along _____ neurons
A. Sensory
B. Efferent
C. A and B
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D. B and C
E. Afferent
5
WHich of the following are not physiological classifications of
0.
neurons
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Sensory
Somatic motor
Efferent
Autonomic
Dendritic
5
1. Smooth muscles
A. Lack cross-bands of striated muscles
B. Are the primary muscle of internal organs and
tubes
C. Include cardiac muscles
D. A and B
E. All of the above
5 What is the correct pathway for conveying electrical signals
2. through a normal heart?
1. bundle of his2. internodal pathway3. purkinje fibers4. AV
node5. SA node6. left and right bundle branches
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5,2,1,6,4,3
5,2,4,1,6,3
4,2,5,1,6,3
3,6,1,4,2,5
5,4,1,6,2,3
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5
3. The AV node is important because it:
A. Directs electrical impulses from the atria to the ventricles
B. Delays transmission of electrical impulses to the ventricles
so that the atria finish their contraction
C. Serves as the pacemaker in a healthy heart
D. A and B
E. A,B and C
5 A certain drug decreases heart rate by producing
4. hyperpolarization in the pacemaker cells of the heart. This
drug probably binds to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Nicotinic receptors
Muscarinic receptors
Alpha adrenergic receptors
Beta receptors
5
5. In cardiac muscle tissue,
A. Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and initiates
contraction
B. Ca2+ enters the cell from extracellular fluid directly initiating
contraction
C. Ca2+ enters the cell from ECF which causes more Ca2+ to be
released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. Both A and C are correct
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5 Match the following with its description
6. a. acetylcholine
b. norepinephrine
c. cholinergic nicotinic receptor
d. adrenergic receptor
e. cholinergic muscarinic receptor
parasympathetic tissue receptor
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Cholinergic nocotinic receptor
Adrenergic receptor
Cholinergic muscarinic receptor
5 Match the following with its description
7.
a. acetylcholineb. norepinephrinec. cholinergic nicotinic
receptord. adrenergic receptore. cholinergic muscarinic
receptortarget
receptor for preganglionic neurons
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Cholinergic nicotinic receptor
Adrenergic receptor
Cholinergic muscarinic receptor
5 Match the following with its description a. acetylcholine b.
8. norepinephrine c. cholinergic nicotinic receptor d. adrenergic
receptor e. cholinergic muscarinic receptor
released by all autonomic preganglionic neurons
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Cholinergic nicotinic receptor
Adrenergic receptor
Cholinergic muscarinic receptor
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5 Match the following with its description a. acetylcholine b.
9. norepinephrine c. cholinergic nicotinic receptor d. adrenergic
receptor e. cholinergic muscarinic receptor
primary sympathetic neurotransmitter
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Cholinergic nicotinic receptor
Adrenergic receptor
Cholinergic muscarinic receptor
6 Match the following with its descriptiona. acetylcholineb.
0. norepinephrinec. cholinergic nicotinic receptord. adrenergic
receptore. cholinergic muscarinic receptor
sympathetic tissue receptor
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Cholinergic nicotinic receptor
Adrenergic receptor
Cholinergic muscarinic receptor
6
1. The motor end plate is
A. A folded area of muscle cell membrane with Ach receptors
clustered at the top of each fold
B. The same as the neuromuscular junction
C. The same as the synaptic cleft
D. Formed by the membrane of enlarged axon terminals that
lie on the surface of skeletal muscle cells
E. A special fibrous matrix whose collged fibers hold the axon
terminal in proper position
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6
I f a somatic motor neuron fires an action
2.
potential then:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Acetylcholine is released from the axon terminal
A skeletal muscle is triggered to contract
The response is always excitatory
A and B
A, B, and C
6
Most preganglionic neurons originiate in the thoracic and
3.
lumbar regions
A.
B.
C.
D.
True only for the sympathetic division
True only for the parasympathetic division
True for both divisions
False for both division
6
Cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are found either in the
4.
brain stem or in the sacral region of the spinal cord
A.
B.
C.
D.
True only for the sympathetic division
True only for the parasympathetic division
True for both division
False for both divisions
6
Releases norepinephrine at the neuroeffector
5.
synapse
A.
B.
C.
D.
True only for the sympathetic division
True only for the parasympathetic division
True for both divisions
False for both divisions
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6
6. Contains cholinergic neurons
A. True only for the sympathetic division
B. True only for the parasympathetic
division
C. True for both division
D. False for both divisions
6
Pathways have a single neuron originating in the central
7.
nervous system and projecting its axon to the target tissue
A.
B.
C.
D.
True only for the sympathetic division
True only for the parasympathetic division
True for both divisions
False for both divisions
6
ATP is necessary for each of the following mechanisms or
8.
functions in skeletal muscle except
A.
B.
C.
D.
Sequestration of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Dissociation of actin from myosin
Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Maintenance of the polarized state of the skeletal muscle
membrane (sarcolemma)
6
9. In the living muscle at rest, which situation is most common
A. The myosin head is not attached to any molecule
B. The myosin head is weakly attached to actin myofibril
C. The myosin head is attached to ADP and inorganic
phosphate
D. B and C
E. None of these
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7
The amount of light reaching the retina is controlled by
0.
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Lens
Iris
Optic disk
Cilliary muscle
More than one of these
7
Photoreceptors use the
1.
neurotransmitter
A.
B.
C.
D.
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Glutamate
Dopamine
7
2. The pupose of transverse tubules is to:
A. Ensure a supply of Ca2+ ions through the muscle fiber
B. Rapidly conduct action potentials to the interior of the
muscle fiber
C. Ensure a supply of glycogen throughout the muscle sarcoplasm
D. Conduct ATP molecules out of the mitochondria throughout the
sarcoplasm
E. All are true
7
________ is made of multiple globular molecules polymerized to
3.
form long chains or filaments
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Myosin
Titin
7 Most of the time the parallel thick and thin filaments of the
4. myofibrils are connected by _____ that span the space between
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A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
the parallel thick and thin filaments
Tropomyosin molecules
Crossbridges
Nebulin molecules
Sarcomeres
Calcium ions
7
5. The I band contains
A. Thick filaments
B. Thin filaments
C. An area of overlappng
filaments
D. All of these
E. None of these
7
6. The H zone co
A. Thick filaments
B. Thin filaments
C. An area of overlapping
filaments
D. All of these
E. None of these
7
7. Which statement is true
A. As the sarcomere shortens the two Z disks at each end move
closer together and the I band and H band virtually disappear
B. The thin actin filaments slide along the thick myosin filaments as
they move toward the M line in the center of the sarcomere
C. When a muscle contracts, myosin molecules coil up like springs
to shorten the length
D. A and B
E. A, B and C
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7
8. When acetylcholine is released into the neuromuscular junction
A. It binds to receptors which allow Na+ and K+ ions to cross the
sarcolemma
B. The muscle membrane depolarizes creating and end-plate
potential
C. Action potentials are triggered which lead to activation of the
contraction cycle
D. A and B
E. A, B and C
7
Ganglia are found in a chain that runs close to the spinal cord or
9.
along the descending aorta
A.
B.
C.
D.
True only for the sympathetic division
True only for the parasympathetic division
True for both division
False for both divisions
8
0. A motor unit refers to
A. A single motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it
innervates
B. A single muscle fiber plus all of the motor neurons that innervate
itq
C. All of the motor neurons supplying a single muscle
D. A pair of antagonistic muscles
E. All of the muscles that affect the mvmt of any given joint
8
1. In cardiac muscle
A.
B.
C.
D.
Calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules
Calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction
Some of the calcium ion required for contraction comes
from outside the cell
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E. Calcium ions play an important role in repolarizing the membrane
after the depolarization phase
8
Wchich of these cranial nerves is not involved in the
2.
PSNS
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
CN III oculomotor
CN V trigeminal
CNVII facial
CN IX hypoglossal
CN X vagal
8
3. Each myosin head has
A. Binding site for an ATP molecule
B. Binding site for an actin molecule
C. The ability to swivel when powered by
ATP
D. A nd B
E. A, B, and C
8
4. In living muscles at rest, which situation is most common
A. The myosin head is not attached to any molecule
B. The myosin head is weakly attached to actin
C. The myosin head is attached to ADP and inorganic
phosphate
D. B and C
E. None of these
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8
5. Excitation contraction coupling refers to
A. Acetylcholine opening ion channels
B. The arrival of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction due to
its exocytosis from the axon terminal
C. The chemical and electrical events that trigger the
mechanical events in a muscle fiber
D. The enzymatic removal of acetylcholine from the synapse which
can then allow relaxationto occur
E. B and D
8
How many parts does a typical reflex
6.
have
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
2
3
4
5
6
8
The brief period of time between the end of the actions potential in
7.
the mucle and the beginning of contraction is referred to as the
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Refractory period
Latent period
Relaxation phase
Depolarization period
Repolarization period
8
8. Muscle spindles
A. Are found in skeletal muscle
B. Consist of specialized fibers called intrafusal fibers
C. Help prevent muscle damage that would result from
overstretching
D. Are regulated by specialized motor neurons
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E. All of these
8
Short tem memory is associated with
9.
the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hippocampus in the temporal lobe
Cerebellum
Prefrontal cortex
Association areas of the parietal lobe
9
Problem solving, planning and working memory functions are
0.
found in the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hippocampus in the temporal lobe
Cerebellum
Prefrontal cortex
Association areas of the parietal lobe
9
With the exception of olfaction, all sensory pathways first travel to
1.
the _____ which acts as a relay and processing station
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Cerebrum
Thalamus
Cerebellum
Hypothalamus
Medulla oblangata
9
2. The larger the receptive field,
A.
B.
C.
D.
The larger the stimulus needed to stimulate a sensory receptor
The more sensory receptors it includes
The harder it is to discriminate the exact point of stimulation
The larger the area of the somatosensory cortex in the brain that
deals with the area
E. All of the above
9
Tonic receptors
3.
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A. Are slowly adapting receptors
B. Fire sapidly when first activated, then slow and stop firing even
with a continuing stimulus
C. Are activated by parameters that must be continuously monitored
by the body
D. Are proprioceptors, for example
E. A, C and D
9
4. Phasic receptors
A. Are rapidly adaptive receptors
B. Cease firing unless the strength of the stimulus remains
constant
C. Are not attuned to changes in a parameter
D. Are pressure sensitive baroreceptors for example
E. A,B, and D
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