DEBIAN
INTRODUCTION
❑Debian, often known as Debian GNU/Linux, is a free and open-source Linux
distribution created by the community-supported Debian Project.
❑It was founded on August 16, 1993 by Ian Murdock.
❑Its first stable version (1.1) was published on June 17, 1996, while its initial
version (0.01) was released on September 15, 1993.
❑For personal PCs and servers, the Debian Stable branch is the most popular.
❑Debian is one of the most well-known Linux-based operating systems.
INTRODUCTION
❑Founding (1993–1998) Ian Murdock first introduced Debian on August 16, 1993,
calling it "the Debian Linux Release" at the time.
❑Debian was created as a combination of his then-girlfriend Debra Lynn's first
name and his own first name.
THE DEBIAN PROJECT LEADER AND THREE
FUNDAMENTAL DOCUMENTS:
❑the Debian Social Contract
❑the Debian Constitution
❑and the Debian Free Software Guidelines
➢they supervise a team of volunteers who coordinate the project through the
Internet.
VERSION HISTORY OF DEBIAN:
❑The names of characters from the Toy Story movie are used as codenames for
Debian distributions.
❑Debian's unstable trunk is named after Sid, a figure who was known for
destroying his toys on a frequent basis.
VERSION HISTORY OF DEBIAN:
❑The first of numerous internal versions, Debian 0.01, was issued on September
15, 1993.
❑Version 0.90 was the first public release, with Pixar hosting mailing groups for
assistance. It was released on August-December 1993.
❑Debian version 0.91 was released on January 1994.
❑Debian version 0.93R5 was released on March 1995.
❑Debian version 0.93R6 was released on November 1995.
❑Debian 1.0 was never released, as a vendor accidentally shipped a development
release with that version number. The package management system dpkg and
its front-end dselect were developed and implemented on Debian in a previous
release. A transition from the a.out binary format to the ELF binary format had
already begun before the planned 1.0 release.
❑Debian 1.1 was launched in 1996, and the first ports to non-IA-32 platforms began
in 1995.
VERSION HISTORY OF DEBIAN:
❑Debian 1.1 (Buzz), released 17 June 1996, contained 474 packages. Debian had
fully transitioned to the ELF binary format and used Linux kernel 2.0.
❑Debian 1.2 (Rex), released 12 December 1996, contained 848 packages
maintained by 120 developers
❑Debian 1.3 (Bo), released 5 June 1997, contained 974 packages maintained by 200
developers.
❑Debian 2.0 (Hamm), released 24 July 1998, contained over 1,500 packages
maintained by over 400 developers. A transition was made to libc6 and Debian
was ported to the Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architectures.
❑Debian 2.1 (Slink), released 9 March 1999,[13] contained about 2,250 packages.
The front-end APT was introduced for the package management system and
Debian was ported to Alpha and SPARC.
VERSION HISTORY OF DEBIAN:
❑Debian 2.2 (Potato), released 14–15 August 2000, contained 2,600 packages
maintained by more than 450 developers. New packages included the display
manager GDM, the directory service OpenLDAP, the security
software OpenSSH and the mail transfer agent Postfix. Debian was ported to
the PowerPC and ARM architectures.
❑Debian 3.0 (Woody), released 19 July 2002, contained around 8,500 packages
maintained by more than 900 developers. KDE was introduced and Debian was
ported to the following architectures: IA-64, PA-RISC (hppa), mips and
mipsel and IBM ESA/390 (s390).
VERSION HISTORY OF DEBIAN:
❑Debian 3.1 (Sarge), released 6 June 2005, contained around 15,400 packages.
debian-installer and OpenOffice.org were introduced.
❑Debian 4.0 (Etch), released 8 April 2007, contained around 18,000 packages
maintained by more than 1,030 developers. Debian was ported to x8664 (amd64) and support for the Motorola 68000 series (m68k) architecture was
dropped. This version introduced utf-8 and udev device management by default.
4.0- ETCH
VERSION HISTORY OF DEBIAN:
❑Debian 5.0 (Lenny), released 14 February 2009, contained more than 23,000
packages. Debian was ported to the ARM EABI (armel) architecture.
❑Debian 6.0 (Squeeze), released 6 February 2011, contained more than 29,000
packages. The default Linux kernel included was deblobbed beginning with this
release. The web browser Chromium was introduced and Debian was ported to
the kfreebsd-i386 and kfreebsd-amd64 architectures (while that port was later
discontinued), and support for the Intel 486, Alpha, and PA-RISC (hppa)
architectures was dropped
❑Debian 7 (Wheezy), released 4 May 2013, contained more than 36,000 packages.
Support for UEFI was added and Debian was ported to the armhf and IBM
ESA/390 (s390x) architectures
5.0- LENNY
6.0- SQUEEZE
7.0- WHEEZY
VERSION HISTORY OF DEBIAN:
❑Debian 8 (Jessie), released 25 April 2015, contained more than 43,000 packages,
with systemed installed by default instead of init. (sysvinit and upstart packages
are provided as alternatives.). Long term support ended June 2020.
❑Debian 9 (Stretch) was released on 17 June 2017, two years and two months
after Debian 8.0, and contained more than 51,000 packages. The final minor
update, called a "point release", is version 9.13, released on 18 July 2020; 14
months ago. Major upgrades include the Linux kernel going from version 3.16 to
4.9, GNOME desktop version going from 3.14 to 3.22, KDE Plasma 4 was
upgraded to Plasma 5, LibreOffice 4.3 upgraded to 5.2 and Qt upgraded from 4.8
to 5.7. LXQt has been added as well. The Intel i586 (Pentium), i586/i686 hybrid
and PowerPC architectures are no longer supported as of Stretch
8.0- JESSIE
9.0- STRETCH
VERSION HISTORY OF DEBIAN:
❑Debian 10 (Buster) was released on 6 July 2019; 2 years ago, two years and a
month after Debian 9 (Stretch).[167] Debian 10 contains 57,703 packages,
supports UEFI Secure Boot,[168] has AppArmor enabled by default, uses LUKS2 as
the default LUKS format, and uses Wayland for GNOME by default.
➢ Debian 10 ships with Linux kernel version 4.19. Available desktops include Cinnamon
3.8, GNOME 3.30, KDE Plasma 5.14, LXDE 0.99.2, LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20, Xfce 4.12.
Key application software includes LibreOffice 6.1 for office productivity, VLC 3.0 for
media viewing, and Firefox ESR for web browsing.
❑Debian 11 (Bullseye) was released on 14 August 2021. On 12 November 2020, it
was announced that "Homeworld", by Juliette Taka, will be the default theme
for Debian 11, after winning a public poll held with eighteen choices. Bullseye
dropped the remaining Qt4/KDE 4 libraries and Python 2. [183][184] The first of the
code freezes, readying Debian 11 for release, began on 12 January 2021.
11.0- BULLSEYE
10.0- BUSTER
VERSION HISTORY OF DEBIAN:
❑Bookworm is expected to have link-time optimization (LTO) enabled by default.
Debian 12 is not expected to have Qt 6 as there isn't an active maintainer for it.
Bookworm is the current testing release of Debian and is the next release
candidate for Debian.
❑Trixie is expected to be the codename for Debian 13.
DEBIAN RELEASES
❑Debian always has at least three releases in active maintenance: “stable”,
“testing”, and “unstable”.
❖STABLE
➢ The stable distribution contains the latest officially released distribution of Debian.
➢ This is the production release of Debian, the one which we primarily recommend using.
➢ The current stable distribution of Debian is version 11, codenamed bullseye. It was released
on August 14th, 2021.
❖TESTING
➢ The testing distribution contains packages that haven't been accepted into a stable release
yet, but they are in the queue for that. The main advantage of using this distribution is that it
has more recent versions of software.
➢ The current testing distribution is bookworm.
❖UNSTABLE
➢ The unstable distribution is where active development of Debian occurs. Generally, this
distribution is run by developers and those who like to live on the edge. It is recommended
that users running unstable should subscribe to the debian-devel-announce mailing list to
receive notifications of major changes, for example upgrades that may break.
➢ The unstable distribution is always called sid.
INDEX OF RELEASES
❑The next release of Debian is codenamed “Bookworm” – Debian 12– “testing”–
no release has been set.
❑Debian 11 (“bullseye”) – current “stable” release.
❑Debian 10 (“buster”) – current “oldstable” release.
❑Debian 9 (“stretch”) – “oldstable” release, under extended LTS support.
❑Debian 8 (“jessie”) – archived release, under extended LTS support.
❑Debian 7 (“wheezy”) – obsolete stable release.
❑Debian 6.0 (“squeeze”) – obsolete stable release.
❑Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 (“lenny”) – obsolete stable release.
INDEX OF RELEASES
❑Debian GNU/ Linux 4.0 (“etch”) – obsolete stable release.
❑Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 (“sarge”) – obsolete stable release.
❑Debian GNU/Linux 3.o (“woody”) – obsolete stable release.
❑Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 (“potato”) – obsolete stable release.
❑Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 (“slink”) – obsolete stable release.
NOTABLE
VERSIONS/RELEASES
/DISTRIBUTION
DEBIAN 9.0
– STRETCH
❑The Debian Release team has finally released the Debian 9.0 “Stretch” stable
GNU/Linux distribution.
❑Named after Toy Story’s rubber toy octopus, Stretch, this release will remain
supported for 5 years.
❑Debian 9 ships with Linux kernel 4.9, new digital forensics tools, GNOME 3.22,
default MariaDB, etc. You can either update your existing installation or
download the new installation media from the project’s website.
DEBIAN 10.0
– BUSTER
❑After 25 months of development the Debian project is proud to present its new
stable version 10 (code name buster), which will be supported for the next 5
years thanks to the combined work of the Debian Security team and of the
Debian Long Term Support team.
❑Debian 10 buster ships with several desktop applications and environments.
Amongst others it now includes the desktop environments:
✓ Cinnamon 3.8
✓ GNOME 3.30
✓ KDE Plasma 5.14
✓ LXDE 0.99.2
✓ LXQt 0.14, MATE 1.20
✓ Xfce 4.12.
DEBIAN 11.0 – BULLSEYE
❑August 14th, 2021
❑After 2 years, 1 month, and 9 days of development, the Debian project is proud
to present its new stable version 11 (code name bullseye), which will be
supported for the next 5 years thanks to the combined work of the Debian
Security team and the Debian Long Term Support team.
❑Debian 11 bullseye ships with several desktop applications and environments.
Amongst others it now includes the desktop environments:
✓ Gnome 3.38
✓ KDE Plasma 5.20
✓ LXDE 11
✓ LXQt 0.16
✓ MATE 1.24
✓ Xfce 4.16.
BOOKWORM
❑The code name for the next major Debian release after bullseye is bookworm.
❑This release started as a copy of bullseye, and is currently in a state called
testing.
❑This means that things should not break as badly as in unstable or experimental
distributions, because packages are allowed to enter this distribution only after
a certain period of time has passed, and when they don't have any releasecritical bugs filed against them.
THANK YOU!