Transport System
Transport System
Lesson Objectives
 Understanding the importance of having
transport system in some multicellular
organisms
Synthesizing the concept of
circulatory system
Why multicellular organism
need the circulatory system?

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Cell needed nutrient and oxygen for
metabolism reaction, while excretory product
such as CO2 and urea need to be eliminated.
Diffusion is one of main transport system that
materials that will move passively between
the external environment and the cell. So the
cell can get what they need. This simple
diffusion occurs only through the cell
membrane.
Why multicellular organism
need the circulatory system?
Let’s imagine for using cube in each organism. For
exchange of substances, such as oxygen for these
organisms occurs very quickly as they have a very large
Why multicellular organism
need the circulatory system?
The surface area in contact with the outside environment is very large when
compared to the volume of the inside of the organism. Its surface area to
volume ratio (sa : vol) is large, so there is a relatively big surface area over
which substances can diffuse into or out of the organism. The more bigger
organism in size, the more lesser SA/V. Diffusion of substance becomes
Questions
What is the relationship between the size of cubes & the
total surface area to volume (TSA/V) ratio?
Which cube shows the largest value of TSA/V ratio?
Explain your answer and relate the relationship of TSA/V
with multicellular organism?
How the multicellular organism can
get nutrient and oxygen and deliver to
each cell in their body?

The basic strategy to overcome this problem
is with a specific structure such as lungs and
digestive system and let the substances
reach each cell via circulatory system
Circulatory System - Mass
Transport System
This efficiency of mass transport
system enable human and animal
cell to get their need sufficiently
Blood &
Its Components
Six Main Functions
1. Transport materials from one place to another.
2. Provide a watery environment for individual cells.
3. Help maintain a constant internal temperature.
4. Combat disease and infection.
5. Help regulate the body’s pH level.
6. Prevent the loss of body fluids
through clotting.
Components of Blood
1. Plasma
 Fluid component
 Makes up 55%

Other 45% is all cells
2. Red blood cells
3. White blood cells
4. Platelets
Plasma

Fluid component (90% water)
Like a river carrying sediment

Contains and transports:


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
Proteins
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets




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Essential nutrients
Enzymes
Hormones
Gases
Organic salts
Red Blood Cells – RBC
(Erythrocytes)

Makes up 43% of blood
Transports oxygen and a little
carbon dioxide on its hemoglobin

Hemoglobin




A protein
Consists of a red pigment
Contains iron
Did you know?

When oxygen is attached hemoglobin it
appears RED.

Each RBC contains 280 million hemoglobin
molecules

Once oxygen is released, the hemoglobin
changes shape and reflects BLUE light.

Can you see it under your skin?
Red Blood Cells – RBC

Produced in the bone marrow


Contain a nucleus when produced,
but it is lost in circulation


Rate of 2.3 millions per second
Gives a donut shape
Used RBC are destroyed by the
liver and spleen
Red Blood Cell Facts

1 liter of blood can carry:

3 mL of oxygen without hemoglobin


200 mL of oxygen with hemoglobin


Can survive 4.5 seconds
Can survive 5 minutes
Anemia is the lack of red blood cells or
hemoglobin

Causes: loss of blood or lack of dietary iron
Red Blood Cell Facts

Quantity is influenced by the sex,
health, age, and altitude

At high altitudes there is less
oxygen so more RBC are created

Men = 5.5 million RBC per mL of blood
Women = 4.5 million RBC per mL of blood

White Blood Cells
(Leukocytes & Lymphocytes)

Make up about 1% of blood

Protect against illnesses and invaders


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Form the immune system
Pus is created from dead white blood
cells that have engulfed an invader
Your own guard
or doctor!
White Blood Cells

Larger than RBC
Contain a nucleus

Fact:

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There are 700 RBC for
every white blood cell
Platelets

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Make up about 1% of blood
Necessary for coagulation (clotting)
If broken blood vessel is found a set of
chemical reactions is started

Fibrin - a sticky network of protein fibers forms
over the injury

A dry and thick crust (scab) will form

A natural band aid!
Platelet Facts

Hemophilia is a genetic blood disorder where
clots cannot be formed


Can die of blood loss
Thrombosis is a clot that forms and closes
off a blood vessel


Clot in brain can cause an apoplectic stroke or a
heart attack
Clot that moves is an embolism and it very
dangerous
Complete Your Test Tube

Identify 4 main components & their
percentages
Complete Review Table
Any Questions?
What kind of disease that will get after
observe the blood test sample below?
1. Disease on the sample B, give me the
reason why?
What kind of disease that will get after
observe the blood test sample below?
2. Disease on the sample A, give me the
reason why?
What kind of disease that will get after
observe the blood test sample below?
3. Disease on the sample C, give me the
reason why?
90%
Concept Map
Blood
which is composed of
Gases, cells,
nutrients, etc.
____ %
is made up of
Cells
function
including
which carry
function
a.k.a. coagulation
__________ &
__________
also known as erythrocytes
types: leukocytes & lymphocytes