Cornell Notes Lecture, reading/chapter/novel/article during class, power point, movies (if need to collect info.) Name: Wesley Kimbrell Topic: 1.5 Chapter 1 Date: 9/7/21 Class: APUSH Period: 1st Essential Question: Explain how the growth of the Spanish Empire in North America shaped the development of social and economic structures over time. Questions/Main Ideas: Notes: Spanish Exploration and Conquest The conquests of native tribes in Central America, such as the Aztecs in Mexico by Herman Cortes, and the Incas in Peru by Francisco Pizarro. The conquistadores were able to bring gold and silver back. Spain became super rich. Hernan Cortes Francisco Pizarro Encomienda Asiento Slave Trade Middle Passage Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. Spanish conquistador, best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of Peru. a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area. contract granted by the Spanish crown to an individual or company allowing the holder exclusive rights in the slave trade with Spain's American colonies; it constituted the principal legal means of supplying slaves to Spanish America. the procuring, transporting, and selling of human beings as slaves, in particular the former trade in black Africans as slaves by European countries and North America. the sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies. Indian Labor The encomienda system made slaves out of the Natives, who were sold to Spaniards. Enslaved African Labor On sugar plantations, the Portuguese had enslaved Africans to grow crops. This inspired the rest of Europe such as Spain to add Africans to their forced labor system. The asiento forced colonists to pay taxes on each enslaved person they had. They imported slaves from Africa in huge numbers. The slave trade had about 10-15 million enslaved people travel across the Middle Passage. Spanish Caste System The Spanish created a caste system that defined the status of people based on their heritage. At the top were pure-blooded Spaniards, then people ordered from the mixture of heritages, then at the very bottom were people of pure Indian or Black heritage. How was the society and economy of North America affected by the expansion of the Spanish Empire? North America was affected greatly. The population of Native Americans dropped 90%, and enslaved people from Africa started coming in. The economy was thriving under the forced labor and cruelty they put the slaves through.
