Bansilal Ramnath Agrawal Charitable Trust’s
Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune-48
Department of Civil Engineering
B. Tech. Civil Engineering
Study of Delay Analysis on Construction Site
Project Guide: (Mrs.) Shruti L. Gore
Roll No.
GR No.
Name
05
17u560
Akash Shinde
13
17u659
Ashish Takawale
28
17u681
Manish Sonkamble
1
Index
1. Abstract
9. Scoring & Analysis
2. Introduction
10. Conclusion & Recommendations
3. Aim & Objective
11. References
4. Problem Statement
5. Literature Review
6. Questionnaire Methodology
7. Data Collection
8. Use of Microsoft Power BI
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Abstract
Time delay is one of the biggest problems in many construction buildings in India.
The construction process is subject to many variables and unpredictable factors. Delay in
project leads to loss of productivity, increased cost, contract termination and disputes
between parties. The aim of this project is to examine the causes of delay on building
construction project during construction phase. A study carried out on various delay
analysis methods to evaluate the causes of delay and their impacts. A questionnaire
survey is done to find the major causes of delay on construction sites. From the survey
and study identified 24 causes of delay under some major groups. It is found that the
most common factors of delay in most of the projects are “delay due to shortage of
materials and equipment”. The outcome of the project is to analyse the occurrence of
delays on construction sites due to various causes.
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Introduction
Construction is the backbone of the development of any country. Delay in completion of
construction projects usually result in the cost overruns and the delay in operation of any
such kind of facility will lead to lost revenue to the owner.
In construction delay is defined as, ‘the time overrun either beyond completion date
specified in a contract or beyond the date that the parties agreed upon for delivery of a
project.’ The delay in the project has an adverse effect on project success in terms of
time, cost and quality.
Delay of projects often leads to disputes and arbitration which again include extra cost
and time.
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Aim and Objective
Aim:
This study aims to identify and analyse various of causes delays occurring on
construction site across Pune.
The objective of the project is:
• To identify delay factors in construction projects.
• To rank the delay factors according to the importance level on delays in project.
• To use tools to analyse and evaluate the various delay factors in the construction
building.
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Problem Statement
Delay of projects often leads to disputes and arbitration which again include extra cost
and time. For resolving claims related to extension of time and compensation it is very
important to analyze the cause of delay and its impact on the project completion based on
which extension of time and compensation related claims can be addressed well.
It is needed to conduct detailed investigation and identification of delay factors and then
selecting the right actions to counter theses delay factors within cost and maintaining
quality. The faults and errors due to various factors cause delays and waste of capital.
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Literature Review
Study on Delay Analysis
• Construction project planning
• Project scheduling
• Progress monitoring
Classification of Delays:
• Critical Versus Non-Critical Delays
• Excusable and Non-Excusable Delays
• Compensable and Non-Compensable Delays
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Methodology
• As-planned Impacted
• As-planned versus As-built
• Window Analysis
• Time Impact Analysis
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Causes of Delay
Group A - Contractor
Group B - Owner
Group C - Consultant
Group D - Labour
Group E - Materials & Equipment’s
Group F - External Factors
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Questionnaire Methodology
The survey is designed based to use Likert scale on the objective of the study to find out
the causes of delays in construction projects and effect of the delays on overall project.
The questionnaire basically consists of three sections as detailed below:
• Respondent Background - This is to collect the basic information of the respondent.
• Causes of Delays - This is used to collect the data on different causes of the delays
happened in that particular project.
• Measures for Minimizing Delays - The last part of the survey consists of questions
regarding the methods they used to reduce the delays if any.
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Data Collection
The practice of google form-based survey was implemented for collection of data across
the industries. As seen in the below images we had two sections in the google forms.
• Section I - The details of the company and the applicant
• Section II - The questionnaire
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Data Collection in Excel:
The data collected by survey method was stored in the excel sheets for further analysis as
shown in the below image.
Respondents consisted of some civil engineers, project managers and contractors.
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Use of Microsoft Power BI
Microsoft Power BI Desktop is a free application that lets you connect to, transform, and
visualize your data. With Power BI Desktop, you can connect to multiple different
sources of data, and combine them (often called modelling) into a data model.
The most common uses for Power BI Desktop are as follows:
• Connect to data.
• Transform and clean that data, to create a data model.
• Create visuals, such as charts or graphs, that provide visual representations of the
data.
• Create reports that are collections of visuals, on one or more report pages
• Share reports with others by using the Power BI service.
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Scoring and Analysis
After the questionnaire is completed, each item may be analysed separately or in some
cases item responses may be summed to create a score for a group of items. Hence,
Likert scales are often called summative scales. Likert scales typically range from 2 to
10 with 5 or 7 being the most common.
In the present survey a Likert scale of 1-3 was been used, where 1 indicates ‘Rarely’ and
3 indicates ‘Always’.
Following table represents the top three contributors of delay in construction projects.
Ranking
Factor
Points
1
Shortage of equipment
28
2
Late approval of design
document/material
27
3
Shortage of material
27
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Analysis
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The collected responses from different categories of people involved in construction project.
The visualisations given below teaches us category wise delay occurred in construction
industry.
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The following bar graph showing factors from Material & Equipment and Consultant
categories.
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The following bar graph showing factors from Contractor and Owner categories.
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The following bar graph showing factors from Material & Equipment and Consultant
categories.
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Conclusion
Construction schedule delays in a project can cause major problems for contractors and
owners, resulting in costly disputes, controversial issues and adverse relationships
between all the project participants.
The management of time is very critical in this industry because time equals to money
thus estimating chances of schedule delay may play a significant role in the direction of
project success.
Basic knowledge of project schedule delay for the duration of whole project can save
money and time.
In the present study of survey it is found that the most common factors of delay which
are repeated in most of the projects are delay due to “shortage of equipment and
materials, late approval of documents, and lack of communication”.
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Recommendations
• Project managers are recommended to get the approved list of materials from the
contractor and then getting them delivered on the site in the proper time duration.
• Contractors are recommended that proper care are taken in the project planning and
scheduling stage. It is necessary to hire experienced contractors in the construction
projects and do not allow frequent changing of subcontractors in between project
tasks.
• Owners are recommended that do not late in progress payments of contractors
because it weakens the contractor ability to finance the work. Owners should not only
have full knowledge about construction work but also have that level of experience so
that they easily handle the project.
• Designers should not make errors and late in producing design papers because it
creates schedule delay in project. For this they need experienced design team for
construction projects, and it is also important for the design engineers that they clearly
understand the requirements of the owner before starting the work.
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Reference
• International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 22780181 IJERTV4IS031166 www.ijert.org (This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Vol. 4 Issue 03, March-2015
• AACE International Forensic Schedule Analysis, The Association for the
Advancement of Cost Engineering, USA
• Arya K. Analysing Delays of Construction Projects in India: Causes and Effects
International, Journal of Science Technology & Engineering, 2016, 66-74.
• Dinakar A. Delay Analysis in Construction Project, International Journal of Emerging
Technology and Advanced Engineering. 2014; (4):784-788.
• Iyer KC, Jha KN. Critical Factors Affecting Schedule Performance: Evidence from
Indian Construction Projects. Journal of construction engineering and management,
ASCE, 2006, 871-881.
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• Prakash Rao and Joseph Camron Culas (2014) “Causes of delays in Construction
Projects – A case study”. International Journal of Current Research.
• Pourrostam, T. and Ismail, A. (2012). Causes and Effects of Delay in Iranian
Construction Projects. IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology,
4(5): 201-203.
• Larsen, J.K., Shen, G.Q. and Lindhard, S.M. (2015). Factors Affecting Schedule Delay,
Cost Overrun, and Quality Level in Public Construction Projects. Journal of
Management in Engineering, 32(1): 1-10.
• Hale, D.R., Shrestha, P., Gibson, G.E. and Migliaccio, G.C. (2009). Empirical
Comparison of Design/Build and Design/Bid/Build Project Delivery Methods. Journal of
Construction Engineering and Management, 135(7): 579-587.
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Questions and Feedback
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This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
THANK YOU!
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