GENITOURINARY SYNDROME OF MENOPAUSE
(GSM)
dr.Dika Putrayuda
Afandi Ahmad
Andri Mahadi
M. Rifqi Nugroho
Pembimbing:
dr. Edy Fakhrizal, Sp.OG(K)
KEPANITERAAN KLINIK BAGIAN OBSTETRI DAN GINEKOLOGI
PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN DOKTER SPESIALIS OBSTETRI DAN GINEKOLOGI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS RIAU
RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH ARIFIN ACHMAD
PEKANBARU
2021
DEFINITION
International Society for the Study of Women’s Sexual Health and the
North American Menopause Society agreed that “genitourinary syndrome
of menopause” is a more inclusive and accurate term to describe the
conglomeration of external genital, urological, and sexual sequelae caused
by hypoestrogenism during menopause
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 The genitalia and lower urinary tract share common estrogen receptor function.
 Urogenital tissue receptors are dependent on endogenous estrogen levels to maintain normal
physiology.
 During postmenopause, the number of estrogen receptors continue to decrease but never fully
disappear.
 In the advent of hypoestrogenism, these prolubricative and proelastic functions are lost due to
diminished collagen, elastin, and hyaluronic acid content; thinned epithelium; impaired smooth muscle
proliferation; denser connective tissue arrangement; and loss of vascularity, thus predisposing the
woman to irritation and sexual trauma.
 Research studies have also suggested that in postmenopausalwomen, the lack of estrogen impairs
connective tissue and causes urethral sphincter dysfunction of stress urinary incontinence.
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
THANK YOU