International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneurship In Msmes In Coastal
Kanyakumari
*
Dr. D. Mahila Vasanthi Thangam1, Mrs. Nisha Malini2, Mr. Rabin.C3
1
Associate Professor of Commerce, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences,
Coimbatore 2Assistant Professor of Management studies, Karunya Institute of Technology
and Sciences Coimbatore,,
3
Research Scholar, Sree Narayana Guru College, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore
1
mahila@karunya.edu,, 2nishag@karunya.edu,
3
Rabincsj@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Women Entrepreneur is a woman who accepts challenging position to fulfil their personal
needs and become self-reliant (Vinay and Singh 2015). Because of some unnecessary fear and lack of
motivation, women are less motivated to start business units compared to men. The main objective of
the study is to identify the factors affecting female entrepreneurship, Kanyakumari District. To
achieve the aforesaid objectives, data was gathered through structured questionnaire. It was collected
from 180 women entrepreneurs and simple and advanced statistical tools were used for analysis. Use
of skills and contribution to family are the main pull factors and flexible work schedule and financial
support to family are main push factors to enter into business ventures by women.The step wise
regression analysis shows that, among the socio-demographic variables, Annual income and
Educational Qualification have positive effects on factor score. Compared to push factors, pull
factors have strong positive influence. Proper education and training and financial support will
encourage spirit of women entrepreneurship and become a successful entrepreneur.
Key Words: Entrepreneurship, Women Entrepreneurs, push factors, Pull factors. Coastal
Kanyakumari, MSMEs
INTRODUCTION
Women Entrepreneurs may be defined as the women or group of women who commence and
operate a business venture.
Like a male entrepreneur, female entrepreneurs are also exploring
the possibilities of starting new businesses; take risks, bring new technologies, plan, manage and
monitor businesses, and provide effective leadership in all business aspects (Agarwal and Patil). The
* Corresponding Author
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International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
Indian government has described women entrepreneurs as owned and operated enterprises / ventures
and controlled by women having at least financial interest of 51% of the capital (Kamalakkannan
2018) and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the organization to women (Amit Kumar
and. Rahul Verma). Women Entrepreneurs are highly increasing in the economics of almost all
countries. The hidden business potential of women has been increasing with the growing sensitivity
to the role and economic status in the society. The knowledge, Skill and compliance in business are
the core reasons for women to come forward into business venture. They engage in business due to
push and pull factors which give confidence to women to have a self-sufficient occupation and stands
on their feet. Logic towards independent decision making on their life and career is the motivational
factor behind which insists on. They are the person who accept challenging role to meet their personal
desires and turn out to be economically independent. An integral characteristic of entrepreneurial
women, who are competent to contribute values in both family and social life, is a deep desire to do
incredibly good (Akhila 2016). Women are aware of their own values, rights, and the job
circumstances with the advent of the media (Ravichander Reddy 2017). The glass ceilings are
smashed, and women find themselves indulging in every line business from Pickle makings to
telecommunication. Right actions in all areas are key to women entrepreneurs' growth and greater
participation in business activities (Amit Kumar and Rahul Verma).
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A few studies had been carried out in women entrepreneurship and the impact of marketing
strategies of women entrepreneurs. Several studies have been undertaken on the basis for
entrepreneurship regarding their problems, factors influencing, capital investment strategic decision
making, and their satisfaction. Such studies were found to be highly useful in designing the present
study.
Meenu Maheshwari, and Priya Sodani (2016) opined that the women entrepreneurship is
an important tool in promoting women empowerment and the factors influencing women's
participation roles worldwide are distinct, evolving with the diverse nature of the societies they
live in. The efforts on it are to improve women's social and economic status. Women 's growth as
an entrepreneur would yield multifaceted socio-economic benefits for the region they have
concluded. Krishnamurthy and Balasubramani (2014) have found that the ambition,
knowledge, and skills are the factors which have significant impact on the success of women
entrepreneurs. Apart from this, market opportunities, family support, independence, satisfaction,
and government subsidy are some of the factors motivating the women entrepreneurs to enter and
sustain in the business venture. Palaniappan et, al; (2012) identified that the skill, knowledge, and
adaptability in business are the major reasons to enter business ventures by women. They have also
found that the lack of proper training and education and availability of finance are the major
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International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
challenges by women entrepreneurs. Cohoon, Wadhwa and Mitchell (2010) found that the
women are very much concerned their intellectual capital rather their financial capital compared to
their counterpart. They have concluded the mentoring to women by business partners, experienced
and well-developed business professionals will provide them encouragement and financial support.
Sunil et,al; (2009) suggested that spreading awareness and consciousness and make them to
realize their strengths and status in the society will help the women to outshine in their business
and in turn will lead to greater contribution to the industry and the entire country as well. Nair
K.R.G (2006), “Characteristics of entrepreneurs; an empirical study‖, reveals that the socioeconomic and attitudinal characteristics of entrepreneurs based on primary data for the state of
Kerala. It does not appear the business run in families nor in their evidence that religion has impact
on entrepreneurship. The economic status of the family, age, Technical education, training, and
work experience in a similar or related field seem to favor entrepreneurship. Compared with the
rest of the population, entrepreneurs tend to be more creative in their approach, but they don't seem
to have greater confidence in their internal control.
From these studies we could understand that women became entrepreneurs due to several
factors and no specific studies have been made as pull factors and factors that influence the women
entrepreneurship with special reference to MSMEs in Coastal Kanyakumari which is the fast growing
International tourist spot in Tamil Nadu.So the present study is carried out with following objective.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To study the Pull and Push factors influencing Women Entrepreneurship in MSMEs in coastal
Kanyakumari.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study is an empirical study based on the opinion of the respondents and makes use of
both primary data which has been collected
applying stratified random sampling technique. The
entire population is grouped into 12 strata
based on the nature of the business viz;
Tailoring,
Computer centre based Business, Ornaments making, Candle making, Beauty Parlour, Soap making,
Fish Vending, Vegetable vending, Pickle making, Flower vending, Fruits vending and Papped
making. A sample of 180 respondents 15 from each strata
has been collected through questionnaire
and through conversation with respondents .The secondary data has also been collected from the
records of official publications of the government of India, Government of Tamil Nadu, Kanyakumari
district Handbook, books, periodicals, reports and the internet to strengthen the background of the
study. Also, the study has been conducted for a period of three months from November
2019 to
January 2020.
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International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT
As far as large-scale industries in Kanyakumari district are concerned, there has been no
development. The important reasons are lack of minerals, transport facilities and suitable climate. The
non-availability of land for non-agricultural purpose and high cost of farms lands are the other factors.
Despite all these deficiencies, several small scales, rural and cottage industries have come up in the
district. There is ample scope for the development of resource based and climate base industries in
Kanyakumari district. The major small scale, rural and cottage industries in Kanyakumari district are:
Village pottery, Embroidery and Tailoring, Beauty Parlor, Soap making Computer centre Education
Centers, Imitation Ornaments Making, Candle making, Pickle making, Papped making, Fish Vending.
Among these business activity, Computer centers and beauty parlor only are coming under the
purview of registered units and all others are unregistered and informal sectors.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Distribution of respondents based on Nature of Business
Respondents have been divided into 12 categories based on the nature of the business 15
respondents (8.33%) from each stratum has been collected which is presented in Table No: 1
Table No 1
Business wise distribution of respondents
S. No
1
2
Nature of the
Number of
Percentage
Business
Respondents
Tailoring
15
8.33
15
8.33
Computer centre
Based Business
3
Ornaments Making
15
8.33
4
Candle making
15
8.33
5
Beauty Parlour
15
8.33
6
Soap making
15
8.33
7
Fish Vending
15
8.33
8
Vegetable vending
15
8.33
9
Pickle making
15
8.33
10
Flower vending
15
8.33
11
Fruits vending
15
8.33
12
Pappad Making
15
8.37
180
100
Total
Source: Primary data
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International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
Table No: 2
Age wise distribution of respondents
From the sample respondents, majority 40% represented from 20 to 40 age group and the
least 11.1% from above 60 age group. Also, majority 73.3% of them involved in Fish vending
followed by Fruits vending (26.6%). This shows that the senior women least involved in business
activities that to in Fish Vending and fruit vending. Upto 20 years are interested in tailoring and
Papped making business and they are not at all interested in Vegetable vending and Fish Vending.
Majority of 20 to 40 years interested in beauty parlour (60%) but no women in this age group are
doing Fish Vending vending.41 to 60 age group women interested in running Computer centre
(46.7%).This shows that there is positive association
between
age and the type of business the
women entrepreneurs engaged.
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
0
7
(46.7%)
5
(33.3%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
4
(26.7%)
11
(73.3%)
15
(100%)
7
(46.7%)
2
(13.3%)
7
(46.7%)
1
(6.7%)
7
(46.7%)
1
(6.7%)
7
(46.7%)
6 (40%)
6 (40%)
6 (40%)
3 (20%)
1
(6.6%)
15
(100%)
4
(26.6%)
15
(100%)
2
(13.3%)
15
(100%)
0
15
(100%)
PAPPED
0
FRUITS
0
FLOWER
5
(33.3%)
7
(46.7%)
5
(33.3%)
6 (40%)
3 (20%)
PICKLE
5
(33.3%)
7
(46.7%)
3
(20%)
9 (60
%)
3
(20%)
VEGETABLE
3 (20%)
FISH VENDING
4
(26.7%)
SOAP
TOTAL
3 (20%)
BEAUTY PARLOR
4
3 (20%)
CANDLE
3
5
(33.3%)
7
(46.7%)
ORNAMENTS
2
UP TO
20
20 TO
40
40 TO
60
ABOVE
60
COMPUTER
1
AGE
TAILORING
SL.
NO
5(33.3%)
3 (20%)
5
(33.3%)
2
(13.4%)
15
(100%)
Source: Primary data and computed
Table No.3 shows that the majority 39.4% of the respondents have completed schooling
followed by technical training (38.5%).Only 8.3% are uneducated mass where majority of 60% of
them are doing fish vending business, followed by vegetable vending 20%. No one in this category is
doing the technical and training-based business-like tailoring, computer centre, ornaments making,
beauty parlour, pickle making and flower vending. Vegetable vending (80%) and fruits vending
(66.7%) are the main business done by the respondents who got school level qualification. Computer
centre (73.3%) and beauty parlour (53.4%) are the main ventures carried out by college level
respondents and we can observe that these respondents are not involved in soap and papped making,
fish, vegetable, fruits and flower vending business. From this we can infer that educational
qualifications have a direct effect on the type of business carried out by sample respondents.
Table No 3
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TOTAL
30
(16.7%)
72
(40%)
58
(32.2%)
20
(11.1%)
180
(100%)
International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
Educational Qualification wise distribution of respondents
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
0
0
School
3 (20%)
4
(26.7%
)
5
(33.3%)
5
(33.3%
)
3 (20%)
6 (40%)
3
College
3 (20%)
11
(73.3%
)
2
(13.3%)
1
(6.7%)
8
(53.4%)
4
Technical
Training
9 (60
%)
0
8
(53.4%)
8
(53.4%
)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
3 (20%)
0
0
1
(6.7
%)
1
(6.7
%)
15
(8.3%)
6
(40%)
12
(80%)
3
(20%)
7
(46.7
%)
10
(66.7
%)
7
(46.7
%)
71
(39.4%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
(13.8%)
4
(26.7%)
9 (60
%)
0
0
12
(80%)
8
(53.4
%)
4
(26.7
%)
7
(46.7
%)
69
(38.5%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%
)
15
(100
%)
15
(100
%)
15
(100
%)
180
(100%)
Fish
Vending
Total
Papped
making
1
(6.7%)
Fruits
vending
0
Flower
vending
0
Pickle
making
Soap
making
0
Total
Vegetable
vending
Beauty
Parlour
2
Candle
making
uneducated
Ornaments
1
Computer
centre
Qualifi
cation
Tailoring
S.
NO
9(60
%)
Source: Primary data and computed
As per marital status distribution, according to Table No:4, majority 58.9% of the respondent are
married followed by 16.1% are widow .Running computer centre (86.7%) and beauty parlor (80%)
are the cup of tea for the married respondents but unmarried respondents (40%) interested in
tailoring. For widow and divorced, fish vending (40%) and vegetable vending (26.6%) respectively
are the main businesses for their livelihood.
Table No 4
Distribution of respondents based on marital status
6
(40%)
3
(20%)
6
(40%)
0
15
(100%)
0
3 (20%)
2
(13.3%)
1
(6.7%)
15
(100%)
2
(13.3%)
0
0
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
9 (60
%)
7
(46.7%)
0
3 (20%)
2
(13.3%)
4
(26.6%)
15
(100%)
2
(13.3%)
3 (20%)
15
(100%)
9 (60
%)
1
(6.7%)
9 (60
%)
1
(6.7%)
8
(53.4%)
4
(26.6%)
3 (20%)
3 (20%)
3 (20%)
2
(13.3%)
15
(100%)
2
(13.3%)
15
(100%)
0
15
(100%)
Source: Primary data and computed
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Total
Total
10
(66.7%)
Papped
making
Divorce
12
(80%)
Fruits vending
4
9 (60
%)
2
(13.3%)
2
(13.3%)
2
(13.3%)
15
(100%)
Flower
vending
Widow
8
(53.4%)
4
(26.6%)
2
(13.3%)
1
(6.7%)
15
(100%)
Pickle making
3
1
(6.7%)
2
(13.3%)
15
(100%)
13
(86.7%)
1
(6.7%)
1
(6.7%)
Vegetable
vending
6 (40%)
Fish Vending
Unmarried
Soap making
2
Beauty Parlour
6 (40%)
Candle making
Married
Ornaments
1
Computer
centre
Tailoring
SL.NO
MARITAL STATUS
NUMBER OF THE RESPONDENTS
106
(58.9%)
28
(15.5%)
29
(16.1%)
17
(9.5%)
180
(100%)
International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
Table No: 5
Family Type wise distribution of respondents
FAMILY SIZE OF RESPONDENTS
FAMILY
TYPE
Tailoring
Computer
centre
Ornaments
Candle
making
Beauty
Parlour
Soap making
Fish Vending
Vegetable
vending
Pickle
making
Flower
vending
Fruits
vending
Papped
making
TOTAL
S.NO
1
JOIT
FAMILY
2
(13.3%)
2
(13.3%)
6
(40%)
7
(46.7%)
6
(40%)
7
(46.7%)
6
(40%)
3
(20%)
8
(53.4%)
4
(26.6%)
5
(33.3%)
4
(26.6%)
60
(33.3%)
2
NUCLEAR
FAMILY
13
(86.7%)
13
(86.7%)
9 (60 %)
8
(53.4%)
9 (60
%)
8
(53.4%)
9 (60
%)
12
(80%)
7
(46.7%)
11
(73.3%)
10
(66.7%)
11
(73.3%)
120
(66.7%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
180
(100%)
TOTAL
Source: Primary data and computed
Table no: 5 shows that, out of 180 respondents, 66.7% are from nuclear family and 33.3% are from
joint family. Pickle making (53.4%), candle making (46.7%) and soap making (46.7%) are main
business ventured by joint family respondents whereas tailoring (86.7%) and computer centre (86.7%)
are the ventures run by nuclear family respondents.
From Table No.6, it is understood that majority 53.7% are the respondents from below one
lakh annual income category and no single respondents from above Rs five lakhs
annual income
group. Soap making (93.3%) and papped making (73.3%) are the main source of livelihood for the
respondents having below one lakh income group. Entrepreneurs falling under Rs.1 lakh to Rs. Two
lakhs prefer fish vending followed by computer centre whereas beauty parlor
income
is the main source of
for the respondents falling under Rs 2 to 5 Lakhs annual income category.
Table No 6
Annual Income wise distribution of respondents
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
Vegetabl
e
vending
Pickle
making
Flower
vending
Fruits
vending
Papped
making
5 Lakh
Above
Fish
Vending
4
Soap
making
3
1 Lakh
to 2
Lakh
2 Lakhs
to 5
Lakhs
Beauty
Parlour
2
Candle
making
Up to 1
Lakh
Orname
nts
1
Comput
er centre
ANNUAL
INCOME
Tailoring
S.
NO
TOTAL
10 (66.7%)
4
(26.6%)
10
(66.7%)
9 (60
%)
2
(13.3%)
14
(93.3%)
3
(20%)
7
(46.7%)
10
(66.7%)
10
(66.7%)
7
(46.7%)
11
(73.3%)
97
(53.7%)
4 (26.6%)
8
(53.4%)
3 (20%)
2
(13.3%)
6 (40%)
1
(6.7%)
12
(80%)
5
(33.3%)
4
(26.6%)
5
(33.3%)
5
(33.3%)
3 (20%)
58
(32.4%)
1 (6.7%)
3 (20%)
2
(13.3%)
4
(26.6%)
7
(46.7%)
0
0
3 (20%)
1
(6.7%)
0
3 (20%)
1
(6.7%)
25
(13.9%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
TOTAL
15 (100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
15
(100%)
180
(100%)
Source: Primary data and computed
Table No.7
Association between Personal and Demographic factors and nature of Business
Correlation Table
Parlour
Candle
making
Beauty
Vending
Soap
vending
Fish
making
vending
Pickle
vending
Flower
making
Fruits
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
*
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
Papped
making
**
Vegetable
Ornaments
**
Computer
centre
Age
Tailoring
1
Personal and
No
demographic
factors
Sl.
NUMBER OF RESPONDENTS
Total
Educational
2
Qualification
Marital
3
Status
**
*
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
*
**
4
Family Type
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
Annual
5
Income
** and* significant @1% and 5 % level of significance
NS-Not significant
To find out whether there is any relationship between the personal and demographic factors
and nature of business, the women entrepreneurs engaged, co-efficient of correlation is calculated and
tested with t test @ 1% and 5% level of significance. Table No. 7 shows that the
FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
‗Push‘ and ‗pull‘ factors are responsible for motivating women to become entrepreneur and
these factors are relatively important according to choose and necessity.
Push factors are factors of necessity such as inadequate household income, frustration with a
salaried job, difficulties in seeking jobs and a desire for diverse jobs schedule because of family
obligations. Such factors can have more impact for women than for men. ‗Pull factors‘ that function
as entrepreneurship factors relate to freedom, self-fulfillment, entrepreneurial drive and desire for
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International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
money, prestige and socioeconomic standing, co-operation and encouragement of family members
and a wide network of communication. The most prominent factor is ‗self-achievement‘ expressed in
terms of difficulty which helps women to start, run their own business and transform it into a
profitable business. When a strong need for achievement could not be fulfilled through a salaried
position or when there was a desire to transform a perceived opportunity into a marketable idea, then
these factors work as pull factors for a person to start their own venture. (Swetha et.al,2018). Women
entrepreneurs create their business, inculcate their ideas as innovators and do not allow someone else
to capture the Fruits vending of their efforts.
‗Women‘s identify‘ approach also works pull factor. Encouragement and support from the
close environment directly or indirectly led to the women to a new professional orientation i.e.
entrepreneur ship. Women entrepreneur networks have proved to be valuable tolls for the
development and promotion for women entrepreneurship. Therefore, push factors work as necessity
whereas pull factor attract women to become entrepreneurs. That‘s why women entrepreneurs have an
important impact on the economy, both in their ability to create jobs for themselves and to create fobs
for others.
Table 7 reveals that the sample respondents are very highly influenced using skills (I Rank)
and then followed by the contribution to family (II Rank).
The respondents are self-satisfied
themselves with their business (III Rank). Respondents are less influenced by independent living (IV
Rank). This may be because of majority of the sample respondents are married and they depend on
their family members.
TABLE NO: 7
PULL FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
SIGNIFICANT
4
NEUTRAL
3
INSIGNIFICANT
2
HIGHLY
INSIGNIFICANT
1
TOAL
RANK
WEIGHT
VERY
HIGHLY
SIGNIFICANT
5
1
Contribution
to family
430
(86)
124
(31)
84
(28)
44
(22)
13
(13)
695
(180)
II
2
Independent
living
215
(43)
228
(57)
135
(45)
44
(22)
13
(13)
635
(180)
IV
3
Self-satisfaction
225
(45)
240
(60)
150
(50)
36
(18)
7
(7)
658
(180)
III
4
Use of spare time
5
Use of skill
150
(30)
440
(88)
280
(70)
120
(30)
114
(38)
114
(38)
60
(30)
40
(20)
12
(12)
4
(4)
616
(180)
718
(180)
CATEGORY
SL.
NO
Source: Primary Data
Figures in parenthesis indicate the number of sample respondents.
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V
I
International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
TABLE NO .8
PUSH FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
CATEGORY
S.NO
WEIGHT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Insufficient
Family
income
Need for
flexible work
Schedule
Dissatisfaction
With salaried
Job
Family
Business
Difficulty in
Finding job
VERY
HIGHLY
INFLUENCE
5
HIGH
INFLUENCE
4
3
2
400
(80)
176
(44)
84
(28)
36
(18)
605
(121)
92
(23)
42
(19)
44
(22)
155
(31)
44
(11)
75
(25)
100
(20)
108
(27)
290
(58)
No Other
350
Source of
(70)
Income
Source: Primary Data
MODERATE
LOW
INFLUENCE INFLUENCE
NOT
INFLUENCE
1
10
(10)
TOTAL RANK
706
II
0
(0)
783
I
80
(40)
73
(73)
427
VI
123
(41)
44
(22)
70
(70)
445
V
204
(51)
117
(39)
40
(20)
12
(12)
663
IV
184
(46)
93
(31)
36
(18)
15
(15)
678
III
Figures in the parenthesis indicate the number of sample respondents.
Table 8 depicts that the sample respondents are highly influenced by flexible work schedule (I Rank)
and then it is followed by insufficient family income (II Rank). Sample respondents are moderately
influenced by no other source of income (III Rank) and same they are influenced by difficulty in
finding job (IV Rank). The sample respondents are less influenced by dissatisfaction with salaried job
(VI Rank). Hence it is understood that the women entrepreneurs, who need flexible work schedule to
balance both family life and job life and to assist financial support to their family.
Factors influencing Women Entrepreneurship - Regression Analysis
The factors which influence women entrepreneurs to enter business venture s were studied
using Regression Analysis. Regression analysis was applied to find the effect of socio demographic
factors and other business-related variables on the influencing factors of women entrepreneurship.
The following predictor (independent) variables were identified to be included in the model. Stepwise
multiple regression analysis was used to find the appropriate variables to be included in the
model.Socio-demographic variables viz: Age, Educational Qualification, and Marital status, Type of
family and annual income of family were considered.Initially, the equation starts with no predictor
variables, then in the first step the variable with highest correlation with the dependent variable is
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International Journal of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity
Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
selected first and included in the model. Also, once the variable is included in the equation, then it is
again considered for removal from the equation to avoid multicollinearity (correlation between
independent variables) problems.
Once the variable entered and remains in the equation, the variable with next highest
positive/negative partial correlation is selected and considered for entry and if satisfied then added to
the equation. Now the variables so far entered the equation are checked for removal. This process
continues until all the variables satisfying entry and removal criteria are included in the equation.
Finally, either all the independent variables selected for the analysis would have been included in the
model or the variables selected based on the selection criteria are alone included in the model.
Table No.9 shows the results of stepwise regression analysis, giving details of Multiple R,
R2, and step wise inclusion of variables in the regression equation. However, for the problem under
study, all the variables identified for the analysis have not been included in the equation. Out of 12
variables identified for the regression model only 7 variables were included in the equation. The
variables which have not met the selection criteria have been kept out of the equation. The R value
shows that a good correlation (0.754) exists between the dependent variable (Entrepreneurial factors)
and the set of predictors (independent) variables. The R square value (0.571) which when expressed
in percentage, explains that 57.1% of the variation in the factor score is due to the seven independent
variables finally entered in the equation. The F-statistic value (F=101.646), is used to find whether
the multiple correlation (R) value is significant or not. The associated significance level (P<0.01)
shows that the correlation between the dependent and the set of independent variables is significant at
1% level.
Table No.9
Regression Analysis for factors influencing Women Entrepreneurs
Regression
Coefficients
Std.
Error
Beta
t
Sig.
(B)
(Constant)
50.568
3.474
.303
.033
.294
8.914
**
2.426
.307
.274
7.869
**
Pull factors
.408
.055
.255
7.331
**
Age
112
.041
111
2.821
**
1.607
.618
.074
2.597
**
Push factors (Impediments)
Annual income of the family (Rs. Lakhs)
Type of family
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Educational Qualification
.747
R
R Square
.754
.571
F
101.646
.302
.102
2.481
*
Sig.
**
The regression table shows that, among the socio-demographic variables, Annual income of
the family and Educational Qualification have positive effects on factor score as the regression
coefficients are positive. That is respondents in the higher levels of income and the type of education
have higher impacting factors compared to lesser income levels of or less educated entrepreneurs.
Type of family (Joint/Nuclear) is the only dichotomous variable included in the model which is coded
as 0-Joint and Nuclear-1 and the respective regression coefficient is positive (1.607). Based on this, it
is interpreted that the women entrepreneurs who are in nuclear family, are highly influenced than
those are in joint family. Regression coefficient of Age factor (0.112) indicates that Age has positive
effect which means older age are less involved in business activities when compared young aged
entrepreneurs.
Compared to push factors (0.303) pull factors (0.408) have strong positive influence. The ttest statistic calculated for the regression coefficients show that all the variables which were included
in the model significantly influence the women entrepreneurship at either 5% or at 1% level.
Standardized regression coefficients (Beta) have been found out for the respective regression
coefficients. It is seen from the regression table that ‗Push factors (Impediments)‘ has the highest beta
value of 0.294, which is highly influencing factors The next, more contributing variable is Annual
income of the family with a beta value of 0.274 followed by Pull factors with a beta value of 0.255.
‗Type of family‘ is the least contributing variable to entrepreneurship with a beta value of 0.074.
SUGGESTIONS
For the further development of women entrepreneurs in small-scale business in Coastal
Kanyakumari, the following suggestions are given:
1. Since most of the small-scale business in India is unregistered, Coastal Kanyakumari is no
exemption from it. Among the sample respondents of 180 from 12 categories of business,
only computer centers and beauty parlors are registered, and all others are unorganized and
unregistered. Steps should be taken by the Government of India to make it compulsory to
register all small-scale business units with respective District Industries Centre.
2. The share of small-scale units run by women entrepreneurs in the total small-scale units
functioning in Coastal Kanyakumari is very poor. Hence, the following steps may be taken to
involve a greater number of potential women in the field of entrepreneurship.
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Vol.11, No. 3, (2020), pp. 2773–2787
a. More attention should be focused on unemployed graduates because the problem of
unemployment is more in Kanyakumari district even though the literacy rate is the
highest among the districts of Tamil nadu.
b. There should be a reorientation of the educational system and curriculum change along
with proper carrier guidance for women.
3. Steps to be taken encourage women entrepreneurs to start the business as corporates rather
than as sole trading and partnership concerns to enjoy the benefits of large-scale operation,
since all the sample respondents are sole traders only
4. Parents of unmarried potential women entrepreneurs should come forward to invest money on
setting up a business rather than giving preference to her marriage.
5. Full co-operation of family members and less burden of household work will prove to be
immensely useful.
6. The Government department and public sector undertaking should be made to consider
purchasing their requirements from enterprises owned by women.
7. Finance should be made available to women enterprises at concessional rate of interest.
Commercial Banks and other NBFCs should come forward to encourage women
entrepreneurship under micro finance scheme and financial
inclusion projects apart from
SHG
8. Majority of the women entrepreneurs are using the rented shops to sell their goods. So, the
government should come forward to provide the shops with minimum rent in potentially
viable, financially feasible and crowdie areas like
bus terminals, railway junctions and
corporation parks etc.
9. The women entrepreneurs must be given the professional and technical training especially in
Human Resource Management and Financial Management as they are facing the problems in
these thrust areas which may help to improve their business.
CONCLUSION
Women's entrepreneurship is a significant avenue by which women can surmount their
subordination within the family and society. The development of entrepreneurship among women has
therefore received attention from the policy makers. In this direction, the integration of women in
economic development has been converted into a special character in the Seventh Plan. The new
industrial policy has highlighted the need for women to carry out special EDPs. Besides this, an
institutional network exists in the country today to encourage entrepreneurship among women. The
commercial banks and the financial institutions are an integral part of this network. Many
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organizations / institutions and associations encourage and grow female entrepreneurship by
providing financial support at concessional interest rates and by organizing industrial fairs,
exhibitions, as well. Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDPs) for women creates
entrepreneurial awareness among them.
In addition, empowering women entrepreneurs is key to achieving sustainable development
goals and the bottlenecks that impede their growth must be removed to enable maximum participation
in the sector. Newsletters, mentoring, trade fairs and exhibitions can also serve as a source for
entrepreneurial development in addition to training programmes. As a result, the company's desired
results are quickly achieved, and more opportunities for remunerative business are found. The
promotion of entrepreneurship among Indian women is therefore certainly a shortcut to fast economic
growth and development. Let's try to eradicate all kinds of gender bias and allow 'women' to be a
successful female entrepreneur.
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