Page 1
PLAGIARISM SCAN REPORT
15%
85%
Plagiarised
Date
2021‐06‐26
Words
559
Characters
3922
Unique
Content Checked For Plagiarism
3.6 Validity and reliability
3.6.1 Validity
Validity refers to the extent to which measurement of instrument actually measure what is intended to measure. It is the
strength of our conclusions, inferences or propositions. It involves the degree to which you are measuring what you are
supposed to, more simply, the accuracy of your measurement. Therefore, pilot test will be conducted and this validation
will made to get some evidence on whether the content of the items will be relevant in helping to answer the research
questions as well as to check the clarity of the questions through discussion with experts and advisor.
3.6.2 Reliability
Reliability is an indicator of a measure’s internal consistency. Consistency is the key to understanding reliability. A measure
is reliable when different attempts at measuring something converge on the same result ﴾John, 2009﴿. Thus, reliability refers
to the consistency and dependability of a measuring instrument; using it repeatedly should give us the same or similar
results every time. The techniques applied to assess the reliability of data collection instrument in this study will be
Cronbach Coefficient Alpha; the most commonly used and can test reliability with various item formats. Cronbach’s alpha
reflects that the extent to which the items in questionnaire are related to each other. Cronbach’s coefficient alpha normally
range between 0‐1 values, which indicate the higher the values the higher degree of internal consistency. Internal
consistency will be acceptable if Cronbach’s alpha is high ﴾George and Mallery 2003﴿. Although, different author accept
different values of this tests to reach on internal reliability of the instrument, the most commonly accepted value is equal
to or greater than 0.70 to reach on reliability of acceptable instrument ﴾Nunally 1978﴿. To assure this rule, the researcher
will distribute 20 questionnaires for non‐sampled selected respondents.
3.7 Ethical considerations
The ethical consideration will be taken into account throughout data collection. First, each selected respondent will be
informed that his/her response is voluntary and only those who will be provided verbal and written consent will take part in
the study. Second, the clear introduction and elaboration of the objectives of the study will be given to every respondent
before engaging him/her in filling the questionnaire. Thirdly, research tool will have an introduction so that participants
identities will be kept anonymous, in order to avoid any harm to respondents. Furthermore, the study will be abided by the
ethics of social research ranging from professional ethics to those concerning researcher‐ respondent relationship. In
addition, all who will assist the researcher in one way or another was given due respect. Acknowledgements of other
scholars’ works will be maintained throughout the research process.
3.8 Proposed Time and Budget
3.8.1 Time Schedule
No.
Activities Time
March
April
May June July August
1
Title selection
2
Submit Concept Note to Advisor
3
Preparation of First Draft Proposal
September
4
Submission of final draft proposal to Department
5
Proposal defence
6
Preparation of questionnaire
7
Data collection
8
Submission of First draft Thesis to Advisor
9
Submission of Final Draft Thesis to Department
10
Thesis Defence
3.8.2 Budget
No. Material required
Cost﴾ in Birr﴿
1
Paper
2
Note book
3
Pen 100
4
Pencil
5
Transportation 1500
6
Telephone card
7
Internet 2200
8
Photo copy
9
Print
1400
10
Binder
200
11
CD 150
12
College service fee 10,000
Total
200
100
50
1000
600
17,500
Matched Source
Similarity 25%
Title: ﴾DOC﴿ VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF A TEST | Galadima Shewa ...
There are three types of validity: It is the strength of our conclusions, inferences or propositions. More formally, Cook and
Campbell ﴾1979﴿ define it as the "best available approximation to the truth or falsity of a given inference, proposition or
conclusion."
https://www.academia.edu/15328132/VALIDITY_AND_RELIABILITY_OF_A_TEST
Similarity 13%
Title: How can a researcher assess the reliability and validity ...
Reliability is an indicator of a measure’s internal consistency. A measure is reliable when different attempts at measuring
something converge on the same result. Internal consistency represents a measure’s homogeneity.
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p4vl4vj/How‐can‐a‐researcher‐assess‐the‐reliability‐and‐validity‐of‐a‐multi‐item/
Similarity 9%
Title: Discovering Statistics Using SAS | Request PDF ‐ ResearchGate
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241278355_Discovering_Statistics_Using_SAS
Similarity 5%
Title: January February March April May June July August ...
January February March April May June July August September October November December This month is /////. Next
month is /////. Last month was /////. My birthday is in /////. Super Teacher Worksheets ‐ www.superteacherworksheets.com
https://www.superteacherworksheets.com/calendars/months‐this‐next‐last_MONTH.pdf
Page 2