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If you wish to share this product with your team or colleagues, you may purchase additional licenses from my store at a discounted price! scientific investigation Thinking Like a Scientist Observation – what you see, feel, taste, hear, or smell Inference – a tentative explanation based on background knowledge and your observations Prediction – tells what may happen in some future situation Conclusion – a summary statement based on the results of an investigation Variables State the Problem/Ask a Question Gather Information Form a Hypothesis Perform an Experiment Analyze the Data Draw a Conclusion Share the Results & Repeat Independent Variable – the factor that is changed on purpose; what is being tested Dependent variable – the factor that changes because of the independent variable; what is being measured Constants – factors that are kept the same to make sure they don’t influence the results in any way Penguins in Hawaii eat delicious coconuts regularly. change the Hypothesis A possible explanation for a set of observations or answer to a scientific question It must be testable. It is written as Types of Data Qualitative Data Quantitative Data • • • Can be observed NOT measurable Descriptions • • • Can be counted or measured Recorded using numbers Can be represented in graphs & charts © Science Chick 2016 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Scientific Method scientific investigation Experimental Design Diagram An experimental design diagram can be used to help organize information about a scientific experiment. Title The effects of temperature on the solubility of water (the amount of sugar that it is able to dissolve) Hypothesis If the water temperature is increased, then the amount of sugar that can be dissolved will increase. Independent Variable (IV) Temperature Levels of the IV 20oC 40oC 60oC 80oC 100oC 3 3 3 3 3 # of Trials Dependent Variable (DV) The amount of sugar that is dissolved Constants -the amount of water -beaker -balance -graduated cylinder © Science Chick 2016 Let’s say, for example, that you want to find out whether increasing the temperature of water affects the amount of sugar that it will dissolve. You could then design an experiment like the one below. scientific investigation Units of Measurement What we’re measuring… Units Instruments centimeter ruler & meter stick Length millimeters (mm) centimeters (cm) meters (m) kilometers (km) Mass grams (g) kilograms (kg) balance Volume milliliters (mL) liters (L) beaker & graduated cylinder Temperature degrees Celsius (oC) Elapsed Time seconds minutes hours days thermometer clock & stopwatch Best when dealing with time © Science Chick 2016 Best when comparing different groups Line Graph Best when comparing parts of a whole Bar Graph Pie Chart Ways You Can Display Your Data: Name: _________________________________ scientific investigation Review Directions: Read through each of the following statements and determine whether they are observations (O) or inferences (I). 1. _____ The ground is wet. 2. _____ Your mom is frowning. 3. _____ The fire alarm is going off. _____ It must have rained last night while I was sleeping. _____ She is probably mad because you didn’t make your bed. _____ Perhaps we are having another fire drill. Directions: Take a look at the pictures below and make at least 2 inferences about each. 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ 2. ______________________________ ______________________________ 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ 2. ______________________________ ______________________________ Directions: Number the steps of the scientific method, in order, from 1 to 7. _____ gather information _____ perform an experiment _____ form a hypothesis _____ state the problem/ask a question _____ draw a conclusion _____ analyze the data _____ share the results & repeat Directions: Determine whether the following data is qualitative (QUAL) or quantitative (QUAN). ________ The ice took ten minutes to melt. ________ The substance smelled like rotten eggs. ________ 60% prefer chocolate over vanilla. ________ The liquid turned purple. ________ The volume was fifty milliliters. © Science Chick 2016 ________ The water boiled at 100oC. Name: _________________________________ scientific investigation Review Directions: Read each of the following and pick out the independent & dependent variables. Then, list at least 3 constants. You do an experiment to find out which dog food your dog likes best. IV: ____________________ DV: ____________________ Constants: _______________________________________________________________ You do an experiment to find out if eating a mint during a test increases the test scores. IV: ____________________ DV: ____________________ Constants: _______________________________________________________________ _____ 1. Constants a. What you see, feel, taste, hear, or smell _____ 2. Conclusion b. A summary statement based on the results of an investigation _____ 3. Dependent variable c. Factors that are kept the same to make sure they don’t influence the results in any way _____ 4. Independent variable d. What is being measured _____ 5. Inference e. A tentative explanation based on background knowledge and your observations _____ 6. Observation f. What is being tested _____ 7. Prediction g. Tells what may happen in some future situation © Science Chick 2016 Directions: Match the following terms to the correct definitions. Answer Key Name: _________________________________ scientific investigation Review Directions: Read through each of the following statements and determine whether they are observations (O) or inferences (I). O The ground is wet. 1. _____ O Your mom is frowning. 2. _____ O The fire alarm is going off. 3. _____ I It must have rained last night while I was sleeping. _____ I She is probably mad because you didn’t make your bed. _____ I Perhaps we are having another fire drill. _____ (Answers will vary) (Answers will vary) Directions: Take a look at the pictures below and make at least 2 inferences about each. It’s summertime. 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ The kids are looking to the right (their left) 2. ______________________________ ______________________________ because someone tripped and fell. The kids are gossiping before class 1. ______________________________ ______________________________ starts. The girl in front is being bullied because 2. ______________________________ ______________________________ she likes her BFF’s boyfriend. Directions: Number the steps of the scientific method, in order, from 1 to 7. 2 gather information _____ 4 perform an experiment _____ 3 form a hypothesis _____ 1 state the problem/ask a question _____ 6 draw a conclusion _____ 5 analyze the data _____ 7 share the results & repeat _____ QUAN The water boiled at 100oC. ________ QUAN The ice took ten minutes to melt. ________ QUAL The substance smelled like rotten eggs. ________ QUAN 60% prefer chocolate over vanilla. ________ QUAL The liquid turned purple. ________ QUAN The volume was fifty milliliters. ________ © Science Chick 2016 Directions: Determine whether the following data is qualitative (QUAL) or quantitative (QUAN). Answer Key Name: _________________________________ scientific investigation Review Directions: Read each of the following and pick out the independent & dependent variables. Then, list at least 3 constants. You do an experiment to find out which dog food your dog likes best. IV: ____________________ DV: What ____________________ your dog eats first/most The brand of dog food Constants: _______________________________________________________________ the amount food, the time of day, the color of the bowls, etc. You do an experiment to find out if eating a mint during a test increases the test scores. IV: ____________________ DV: ____________________ The mint The test scores Constants: _______________________________________________________________ the type/flavor/brand of mint, the type of test, etc. C 1. Constants _____ a. What you see, feel, taste, hear, or smell B 2. Conclusion _____ b. A summary statement based on the results of an investigation D 3. Dependent variable _____ c. Factors that are kept the same to make sure they don’t influence the results in any way F 4. Independent variable _____ d. What is being measured E 5. Inference _____ e. A tentative explanation based on background knowledge and your observations A 6. Observation _____ f. What is being tested G 7. Prediction _____ g. Tells what may happen in some future situation © Science Chick 2016 Directions: Match the following terms to the correct definitions. I use clipart and fonts by these sellers: (Yes, I realize that I buy way too much clipart & that I’m totally addicted to fonts and borders, but these sellers are just SO AMAZING! Please be sure to check out their stores too! ) Prettiful Designs
