MARY GRACE L. DELOS SANTOS
BSA-1A
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Iconic or Physical Models are physical representations of objects or processes.
2. Verbal – Pictorial Models are used to clarify concepts and processes. The verbal portion is
supplemented by a pictorial representation of the words used by the speaker.
3. Symbolic Models are formed by substituting symbols for the objects they represent. This is
best observed in mathematics.
4. Aristotle/Linear Communication shows communication as a one-way activity where
information flows from sender to receiver.
SPEAKER
(Listener)
AUDIENCE
(Message)
SPEECH
5. Claude Shannon-Warren Weaver/Interactive Communication Model characterizes
communication as a two-way process. The sender formulates and transmits a message to a
receiver who sends a response/feedback. The inclusion of feedback makes the model a two-way
interchange of ideas.
A. The destination provides feedback to the message received to allow the information
source modify the message.
B. Feedback is a message (or a set of messages).
C. The source of feedback becomes an information source.
D. The consumer of feedback turns into a destination.
E. Feedback received is disrupted by noise.
Information
Source
Signal
Signal
Message
Transmitter
Channel
Noise
Source
Message
Receiver
Destination
6. Wilbur Schramm’s Model of Communication involves Fields of Experience which is defined as
“life experiences, attitudes, values, and beliefs that each communicator brings to an interaction
and that shape how messages are sent and receive. The overlap of the sender’s and receiver’s
fields of experience is the shared area, where the transmitted signal must fall to make both
communicators share the same meaning of life.
Field of Experience
Source
encoder
Field of Experience
Signal
Decoder
Destination
7. Eugene White Model of Communication tells that communication is circular and continuous,
without a beginning or end. Although we can assume that commuication begins with thinking,
communication can actually be observed from any point in the circle.
Symbolizing
Expressing
Transmitting
Thinking
Feedbacking
Monitoring
Decoding
Receiving
8. Transactional Communication Model shows that communicators often send and receive
messages simultaneously. It provides a better picture of the communication process, showing
the interplay of elements like environment, communicators/participants, messages, as well as
the presence of noise. Environment refers not only to physical, social, psychological, cultural ang
historical milieus, but also to the personal history and schema that each participant brings to the
conversation.
MARY GRACE L. DELOS SANTOS BSA-1A
GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Correctness
Clarity
Conciseness
Completeness
Consideration
Concreteness
Courtesy
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL COMMUNICATION
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
Immediate response
Oral explanation
Secrecy
Illitirate Receiver
Value of Time
Avoiding Delay
Direct Relations
Easy Understanding
Developing Relation
Large Gathering
MARY GRACE L. DEOS SANTOS
BS-1A
LANGUAGE
-
a systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized
signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings.
a system of conventional spoken, manual, written symbols by which human beings, as
members of a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves.
is arbitrary, is innate (Noam Chomsky), is dynamic
can only be called language if it has a system of rules (a.k.a grammar); a sound system
(phonology); a vocabulary (lexicon)
COMMUNICATION
-
(from Latin word “communicare” meaning to share)
The act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of
mutually understood signs and semiotic rules.
the act of giving, receiving or exchanging information, ideas and opinions so that the
“message” is completely understood by both parties.
May be classified according to:



Communication mode
Context
Purpose and style
Types of Communication According to Mode


Verbal – Non-verbal Communication
Visual Communication
Types of Communication According to Context


Intrapersonal Communication - intra means within or inside talking to oneself
Interpersonal Communication - inter means among or between
an interactive exchange takes place as interpersonal communication
takes place.
 Extended Communication involves the use of electronic media
 Organizational Communication the focus is on the role that communication
plays in organizational contexts. Organizations comprise individuals who work
for the company
 Intercultural Communication between or among people having different
linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds.
Types of Communication According to Purpose and Style


Formal communication employs formal language delivered orally or in written
form. (e.g., lectures, public talks/speeches, research and project proposals,
reports, and business letter)
Formal communication employs formal language delivered orally or in written
form. (e.g., lectures, public talks/speeches, research and project proposals,
reports, and business letter)
Several major elements in the communication process:






sender
message
channel
receiver
feedback
context
If you want to get your message across accurately, you need to consider these three things:
• The message;
• The audience or receiver; and
• How the message is likely to be received.