Biology I
Unit III Study Guide
Chapter 12: Genetics and Meiosis
Chapter 13: DNA
Chapter 14: Protein Synthesis
CHAPTER 12: MENDELIAN GENETICS
Describe the genotypes given:
In humans, brown eye color (B), is dominant over
blue eye color (b). What are the phenotypes of
the following genotypes?
1.
DD ____________________________
2.
Dd ___________________________
1.
BB ______________________________
3.
dd ___________________________
2.
bb ______________________________
4.
ss ___________________________
3.
Bb _____________________________
5.
Yy ___________________________
6.
WW ___________________________
CHAPTER 12: MENDELIAN GENETICS
Working Backwards: A heterozygous smooth
pea pod plant is crossed with a wrinkled pea
pod plant. There are two alleles for pea pod,
smooth and wrinkled. Predict the offspring from
this cross.
1.
What is the genotype of the parents? ____________
2.
What is the predicted genotypic ratio for the offspring?
______________
3.
What is the predicted phenotypic ratio for the
offspring?________________
4.
If this cross produced 50 seeds how many would you
predict to have a wrinkled pod? __________
CHAPTER 12: MENDELIAN GENETICS
Monohybrid Cross: Sometimes we only know
about the offspring and we want to learn about
the parents.
In pea plants, yellow seeds (Y) are dominant and
green seeds (y) are recessive. A pea plant with
yellow seeds is crossed with a pea plant with green
seeds. The resulting offspring have about equal
numbers of yellow and green seeded plants. What
are the genotypes of the parents?
Parent 1: ____________________
Parent 2: ____________________
CHAPTER 12: MENDELIAN GENETICS
Dihybrid Cross: When we study two traits on different
chromosomes, at one time, we call this a dihybrid cross
In horses, the coat color black is dominant (B)
over chestnut (b). The trotting gait is dominant
(T) over the pacing gait (t). If a homozygous
black pacer is mated to a homozygous
chestnut, herterozygous trotter, what will be
the ratios for genotype and phenotype of the F1
generation.
Genotype ratios: __________________________________________
Phenotype ratios: __________________________________________
Make sure to discover the genotypes of both parents before you begin
making the punnett square. Also remember to use the FOIL technique to
figure out what goes on the outside of the square.
CHAPTER 12: NON-MENDELIAN GENETICS
Codominance:
Incomplete Dominance:
In chickens white feathers (ww) and black feathers
(bb) are codominant traits that result in hybrids who
have spotted fur (wb). Cross a white feathered hen with
a black feathered rooster.
In central Kentucky there is a creature known as a wildcat. It
comes in three colors: blue, white, and light-blue. This trait is
controlled by a single locus gene with incomplete dominance.
A homozygous (BB) individual is blue, a homozygous (bb)
individual is white and a heterozygous (Bb) individual is
light-blue. What would the genotypes and phenotypes of the
offspring if a light-blue wildcat were crossed with a white
one?
What are the chances of having a white feathered chick?
CHAPTER 12: MEIOSIS
What this video for a review:
1.
In your notes: Draw each stage of Meiosis
and label their major events in each stage.
2.
Answer the following
a.
How many daughter cells are created at
the end of meiosis?
b.
What is the difference between a diploid
and haploid cell?
c.
Where does meiosis occur in the body?
d.
How does the process of meiosis result in
unique gametes?
e.
What is crossing over and what phase
does it occur in?
CHAPTER 13: DNA
List 2 facts about Griffith’s experiment
List 2 facts about Hershey and Chase’s
experiment:
List 2 facts about Avery’s experiment
List 1 contribution from Chargaff and 1
contribution from Franklin:
CHAPTER 13: DNA
List the major 3 major enzymes used in DNA
replication and their major function:
If a sample of DNA contained 20% Adenine, then
how much Thymine would there be?
If one side of DNA was AGGTCAAGTTCC, then
what would the other side be?
If a sample of DNA contained 35% Guanine, then
how much Thymine would there be?
CHAPTER 13: DNA
Label the figure with the following terms:
A.
DNA polymerase
B.
Phosphate
C.
Deoxyribose
D.
Replication fork
E.
DNA helicase
F.
Nitrogenous base
CHAPTER 14: RNA
Description
Made in the nucleus
Mark the box if the statement
applies to that RNA molecule
Used in protein production
Carries in amino acids
Makes up a ribosome
Nucleic acid
Has codons
Has anticodons
Made of nucleotides
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
CHAPTER 14: Replication Vs. Protein Synthesis
Describe what happens in the following
including where each one takes place:
REPLICATION:
TRANSCRIPTION:
TRANSLATION:
CHAPTER 14:
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Label the image to the right. It
is the process of Protein
Synthesis. You will have to
make text boxes to put in the
blank boxes for your answers
CHAPTER 14:
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Fill in the blanks.
DNA
mRNA
Amino Acid
TAC
CTA
GGT
ATC
GTC
CHAPTER 14:
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Fill in the blanks.
DNA
mRNA
Amino Acid
UAC
CUA
GGU
AUC
CAC