SINHGAD COLLEGE OF NURSING NARHE, PUNE.
ASSSIGMENT ON
ANNOTED
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SUBMITTED TO,
SUBMITTED BY,
Mrs. RESHMA SALVE MAM
Ms. SHUBHANGI MIRKALE
HOD (CHN)
FY.M.Sc. NURSING
SCON, PUNE.
SCON, PUNE.
SUBMITTED DATE
31/03/2021
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Like a works cited page, an annotated bibliography consists of entries that provide bibliographic
information for sources used in an essay; where it differs is in what is added to each entry: an
annotation, or brief description of each source’s content and evaluation of its usefulness. An
annotated bibliography can serve as a guide of sorts for other writers doing research on the same
or similar subjects, providing useful information to help them decide what sources they might
use, and how they might use them. It can also be very helpful to you as a writer, fostering a
greater understanding of the content of your sources, leading to a stronger sense of how to
incorporate them into your essay.
A short paragraph following a citation is called annotation. An annotation summarizes the
content of the source. In simple terms, an annotation is a brief summary and evaluation of the
source. It is actually an incisive account of the information contained in the source study.
On the other side, the bibliography is a list of sources related to some topic. A bibliography
differs from references in a sense that latter only include the sources cited in a study while the
sources listed in bibliography necessarily may not have been included in the study but are related
to the topic of study.
An annotated bibliography is simply a list of sources related to some topic, in which each
citation is followed by an abridged description of the sources. Containing complete citation
information and mostly a paragraph about the source, we can say that an annotated bibliography
is basically an alphabetic list of research sources on a specific topic. The research sources may
include citation of books, articles, reports, research papers etc. Each citation is followed by a
descriptive and evaluative paragraph.
DEFINITION
An annotated bibliography is a bibliography that gives a summary of each of the entries.
An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is
followed by a brief (usually about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the
annotation.
PURPOSE
To provide the reader with a summary and an evaluation of each source and each summary
should be a concise exposition of the source's central idea (s) and give the reader a general idea
of the source's content.
COMPONENTS
The following are the main components of an annotated bibliography. Not all these fields are
used; fields may vary depending on the type of annotated bibliography and instructions from the
instructor if it is part of a school assignment.

Full bibliographic citation : the necessary and complete bibliographical information i.e.
(author, title, publisher and date, etc.)

Author's background: the name, authority, experience, or qualifications of the author.

Purpose of the work: the reasons why the author wrote the work

Scope of the work: the breadth or depth of coverage and topics or subtopics covered.

Main argument: State the main informative points of the paper

Audience: For whom was it written (general public, subject specialists, student?

Methodology: What methodology and research methods did the work employ?

Viewpoint: What is the author's perspective or approach (school of thought, etc.)? E.g.,
an unacknowledged bias, or any undefended assumptions?

Sources: Does the author cite other sources, and if so, what types? Is it based on the
author's own research? Is it personal opinion?

Reliability of the source: How reliable is the work?

Conclusion: What does the author conclude about the work? Is the conclusion justified
by the work?

Features: Any significant extras, e.g. visual aids (charts, maps, etc.), reprints of source
documents, an annotated bibliography?

Strengths and Weaknesses: What are the strengths and weaknesses of the work?

Comparison: How does the source relate to other works done by other writers on the
topic: does it agree or disagree with another author or a particular school of thought; are
there other works which would support or dispute it?

Voice / Personal Conclusion: Provide an opinion of the work or a reaction to the source
based on other available works, prior knowledge of the subject matter or knowledge
pools done by other researchers.
Annotation & Bibliography
Annotated bibliography consists of two parts;

Citation

Annotation
Citation: Citation is the first part of an annotated bibliography. In this part, the source is
properly cited. It is the entire bibliographic information through which a source may be located.
It is actually a complete address of a particular source written in a one desired format like APA,
MLA etc. throughout.
For example: Showkat, N. (2016). Coverage of sanitation issues in India. Sage Open,6(4), 1-6.
doi:10.1177/2158244016675395. The citation or reference would help to locate this particular
research paper.
Annotation: This is a paragraph that follows the source citation and is about the source
containing those elements of the research paper which are important to a literature review
contain a gist of the research paper cited.
For example:
Annotation: The article analyses the role of print media in highlighting sanitation issues in India
by conducting a content analysis of a convenience sample of two English language newspapers
with high readership, The Hindu and The Times of India. A purposive sample of issues during
the launch of a sanitation campaign was chosen. Coverage and prominence given to sanitation
was measured. No specific theoretical framework was stated and the author concluded that both
papers had provided adequate coverage to the campaign.
The annotation needs to contain mainly following information about the source study:

Research question or hypothesis

Theory used

Method, sample, variables used, conceptual and operational definitions

Results

Conclusions reached by the author

Your own observations
Mostly consisting of only one paragraph, the length of an annotation may vary from study to
study, and from one documentation style to another. Shorter annotations mainly summarize the
key points of a study while longer annotation may cover other areas including the more detailed
discussion, explanation and assessment of the sources.
The aim of a study determines the style of writing an annotation. Writers may follow a particular
format like APA, MLA, Chicago etc. as per their requirements in each single study to document
the annotated bibliography. They need to go through the latest edition of style sheet of that
particular referencing format before the writing process.
Supervisors and mentors may guide a researcher in following a particular format in referencing
and writing annotation.

Kinds of Annotations: According to University of Manitoba (2009), annotations can be
of following kinds:

Summary/Informative Annotations: Sums up the content of the source.

Indicative Annotations: Deals with the general information contained in the source
study.

Evaluative or Critical Annotations: In addition to the summary, critically examines
the strength, weakness and usefulness of the source.

Combination Annotations: A combination of all the elements like description,
evaluation, summary etc.

Significance of Annotated Bibliography
Annotated bibliography serves many purposes. Annotations can help extract prime information
present in a source like a book, research paper, article etc. It may also be termed as a method of
preserving a source in an easily accessible format. Sketching the central idea of the source
content may help the future researchers or readers in identifying the sources for their study
easily. This method of bibliography enables the readers or examiners to check the credibility,
usefulness and relevance of the sources cited. Besides making a note of the credibility and value
of the sources in the form of a reaction, in a longer annotated bibliography, we may also talk
about the background of the writer.
Considered a very significant tool, the annotated bibliography is an important stage in a research
study. It is an efficient method of focusing the study in a particular area and also helps the
researchers to put forward a gist of the variety of the sources representing different viewpoints.
With a comprehensive analysis of possible sources, annotated bibliography is one of the most
beneficial ways to record the research process. It serves as the basis of literature review. The
process of writing annotations may increase a researcher's understanding of the subject and will
help her to remain focused. Through the help of annotated bibliography, you can evaluate your
own work by examining what you still need more of.

Roman (12-point font size).

Format each reference according to examples in APA.

Alphabetize references.

An annotation should include your own statement examining the quality of the item.
The manual further suggests dividing the annotation into sections or topic with a title at the top
of each section in the case of longer annotated bibliography.
 How to Annotate?

An annotation can be written in different ways. It’s the aim of a study which determines
the nature of writing an annotation. Following are some tips for writing annotations;
Read all the necessary information contained in the source (book, article, paper etc.)
thoroughly.

Identify the key information.

Draw an outline of the important information that needs to be recorded in the
annotations.

Compare the work with other works. Evaluate and relate the work with your study.

Write the annotation.

Get familiar with aim of the work.
1. Sources of Literature
There are an ample number of sources from where you can locate the studies relevant to your
topic. In general bibliography, even though it depends on the nature of the study, here we will
list some of the commonly known sources of literature as follows:

Books

Book chapters

Research journals

Ph.D. and M.Phil. theses and dissertations.

Government reports

Historical records (In Reference Libraries)

National Archives and State Archives

NGO reports
FORMAT OF WRITING ANNOTATION BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated bibliographies contain two main sections; the bibliographic information section and
the annotations section.
Since the formats may slightly vary from one institution to another and amongst scholars and
researchers depending on the regulations, courses and materials being annotated, it is imperative
to ask for specific guidelines.
The bibliographic information
There are also bibliography annotations that combine all three types (MLA, APA and Chicago
style). When deciding on the style for an annotated bibliography, one should consider its purpose
and the instructions given. Regardless of the formatting style required, all annotated
bibliography pieces need to follow the same rule: the author's last name s0-hould be the only
part that is flush left, while the rest of the text requires to be indented.
The bibliographic information is written before the annotation using the suitable referencing
style. The information is normally identified using a hanging indent.
Generally, though, the bibliographic information of the source (the title, author, publisher, date,
etc.) is written in either MLA or APA format.
The annotations
The annotations for each source are written in paragraph form.
The lengths of the annotations can vary significantly from a couple of sentences to a couple of
pages.
The length of the annotation should be between 100 and 200 words.
When writing summaries of sources, the annotations may not be very long.
However, when writing an extensive analysis of each source, more space may be needed.
A few sentences of general summary followed by several sentences of how the work fits into a
larger paper or project that can be useful when writing a draft.
Formatting an Annotated Bibliography

Use one-inch margins on all sides; note "space before" and "space after" should be set to
zero.

Double space your entries;

Alphabetize each entry;

Hanging indents are required for citations;

On the line after the citation, indent two additional spaces and write the annotation.
Annotated Bibliography Format Styles
The basic format of an annotated bibliography is the same as a non-annotated bibliography
entry. The difference is that the publication information about the source material is followed
with the annotation that reviews and evaluates the material.
APA (American Psychological Association) Style
Baker, T. (1995). Gun control and you. Stevenson Learning Law Review, 45 (2), 180-193.
The author researches several federal and state firearms regulations and their effect on the
everyday citizen. By testing his hypothesis that firearms regulations have an inherent effect on
everyday citizens, findings yield in support of the hypothesis.
MLA (Modern Language Association) Style
Johnson, Jaime. "Gun Control: Your Only Means of Defense." Researcher's Special Journal
(1999): 254-325.
The author researches several federal and state firearms regulations and their effect on the
everyday citizen. By testing his hypothesis that firearms regulations have an inherent effect on
everyday citizens, findings yield in support of the hypothesis. In contrast, Baker cited in an
earlier study the complete opposite.
Creating an Annotated Bibliography
Importance points for creating a well-annotated bibliography are:

Consider which writing style is required for your research. There are differences
between APA and MLA format. Your instructor or publisher will provide guidelines.

Use the third person when writing.

Make a list of the points which the author emphasized as relative to the topic that you
were researching.

Make sure that the sources you used are aligned or in agreement with your stance on the
research issue. This helps to make a stronger argument for your stance on the issue that
you researched. creating-an-annotatedbibliography.pdf
Summary
In this chapter, we have learned the importance of annotated bibliography. We came to know
about various kinds of annotations. The module further outlines the method of writing an
annotated bibliography. In the second part of the module, the importance of literature review has
been discussed at large. Apart from listing some of the importance sources of literature, we have
tried to explore the importance of the literature review in a research study. The chapter also
identifies the techniques and methods of collecting and reviewing the relevant literature.
REFERENCES:1. Um-e-Kalsoom, Khan S, Ahmad I. Impact of hemodialysis on the wellbeing of chronic kidney
diseases patients: a pre-post analysis. Middle East Curr Psychiatry. 2020, volume 27 Issue no (1).
2. Chiaranai C. The Lived Experience of Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Treatment for End-Stage
Renal Disease: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Nursing ( 2016) volume 24, Issue no (2) pages no
101–8.
3. Costa G, Pinhiero M, Mandieros S de, et al. Quality of life of patients with kidney desease
undergoing hemodialysis. journal Enfermería Glob [Internet]. (2016) volume 15 issue no (43)
pages 59–73.
Available from: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S169561412016000300003&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
4. Creput C, Fumeron C, Toledano D, Diaconita M, Izzedine H. COVID-19 in Patients Undergoing
Hemodialysis: Prevalence and Asymptomatic Screening During a Period of High Community
Prevalence in a Large Paris Center. journal Kidney Medicine [Internet]. (2020) volume 2 Issue no
(6) pages 716-723.e1.
Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.09.001
5. Murray. Cognitive impairment on hemodialysis. (2007) Retrieved from www.google.nic.ncbe.in.
6. GultekinGenctoy.. Frequency of gall bladder stone and related parameter in hemodialysis patients.
(2007)
available on http://hdr.undp.org
7. Jessie .L. Brown. Complimenting relaxation music for pain during dialysis. (2007). Retrieved
from www.ncbi.nlm.hib.pubmed.
8. Khakha. Effect of cryotherapy on arteriovenous fistula. Indian Journal of Nephrology, (2008).
volume 18 issue no (4), pages 5.
9. Michelle carner.. Effects of calorie and fluid intake, Journal of renal nutrition, (2008) volume
1issue no (2), pages 97-100.
10. NahidShahgholias. Effect of aromatherapy on purities relief. Journal of Renal care. (2009).
volume 2 issue no (1), pages 12-13.
11. Roozbeh. (Association between intradialytics hypotension and magnesium, 2010.) pages 492 –
497
12. Bencaplin. Perspective of hemodialysis associated symptoms. (2010).
Retrieved from URL:http://www.pupmed.com.
13. Gural et al. Gabapentin for dialysis. Journal of kidney disease, (2010). Volume 3 issue (2), pages
20.
14. Rashedi SAL, Ghaleb MA. Effectiveness of Intradialytic Leg Exercise on Dialysis Efficacy
among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.
Asian Journal
Phytomedicine Clin Res. (2017)
volume 4, Issue no (1) pages 133–44.
Available on:
http://ijariie.com/AdminUploadPdf/Effectiveness_of_Intradialytic_Leg_Exercise_on_Dialysis_Effic
acy_among_Patients_Undergoing_Hemodialysis_ijariie3631.pdf
15. Paluchamy T, Vaidyanathan R. Effectiveness of intradialytic exercise on dialysis adequacy,
physiological parameters, biochemical markers and quality of life – A pilot study. Saudi journal
of Kidney Diseases Transplant. (2018) volume 29 Issue no (4) pages 902–10.
16. Shukla L, Shukla LH. The effects of intradialytic exercises on quality of life of older hemodialysis
patients. MedPulse Int J Physiother. 2017;3(1):5–8.
17. K. Nivetha., S, Aruna., Gowri M. Open Access Effectiveness of Intradialytic Stretching Exercise
on Bio Chemical Variables Among Patient Undergoing Hemodialysis in Selected Hospital. Int J
Dev Res. 2017;07(09):15240–3.
18. Das Bayliss. (2006). Intradialytic exercise program for hemodialysis. Retrieved from
URL:http://www.pupmed.com.
19. Kristen .P.Koh. (2009). Intradialytic versus home based exercise in hemodialysis. Retrieved from
www. ncbi.nlm.nih.giv/pubmed.
20. Mika. (2010). Exercise program to enhance physical performance. Retrieved from
www.google.nic.ncbe.in.
21. Tane-du jung. Intradialytic program for hemodialysis. Journal of Renal care, (2011) volume 1
issue no (2), pages 22-23.
22. Fiona Hawke. Non drug therapies for nocturnal lower limb Cramps. Journal of clinical medicine,
(2012). vomlume 11 issue no (4), pages 22 – 23.
23. Fiona Hawke. (2012). Non drug therapies for nocturnal lower limb Cramps. Journal of clinical
medicine,volume 11 issue no (4), pages 22 – 23.
24. Susanna Heiure. (2012). Intradialytic cycling for dialysis. Journal of Nephrology,2(11), 12-13.
25. A. Mohamed S. The Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention on Fatigue in Hemodialysis
Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. IOSR J Nurs Heal Sci. 2014 volume 3 issue no (4)
pages 40–50.
26. Lazaro RT, Castillo MS. The effect of a structured intradialytic exercise program on fatigue and
quality of life of a patient on hemodialysis in an acute care setting: A case report. Phys Ther
Rehabil. 2020;volume 7 issue no (1) pages 6.
27. Mohamed Soliman HM. Effect of intradialytic exercise on fatigue, electrolytes level and blood
pressure in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Nurs Educ Pract.
2015;5(11):16–28.
28. Ms M, Deepa R, Nirmala T. Effect of intradialytic exercise on fatigue among patients undergoing
hemodialysis at selected hospital , Coimbatore. 2018; volume 4 issure no (4): pages no 393–4.
29. Chandralekha CS, Prabha RMR. Intradialytic Stretching Exercises on Fatigueand Muscle Cramps.
2020; volume 5 issue no (11).
30. Albadry AH, Azer SZ, Elhamed NA, Mostafa NM. Effect of Intradialytic Hemodialysis Exercises
on Fatigue and Leg cramps. 2020;(8).
31. Joshi SG. Reduction of Muscle Cramps among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis : The
Effectiveness of Intradialytic Stretching Exercises Reduction of Muscle Cramps among Patients
Undergoing Hemodialysis : The Effectiveness of Intradialytic Stretching Exercises. 2019;(April).
32. Mastnardo D, Lewis JM, Hall K, Sullivan CM, Cain K, Theurer J, et al. Intradialytic Massage for
Leg Cramps Among Hemodialysis Patients : a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. 2016; issue no
(11) pages 3–8.
33.Cheryl.R. Neal. Treatment of dialysis related Muscle Cramps. Journal of Renal care, (2007).
volume 3 issue no (2), pages 171-173
34.Mini Gupta. (2008). Sequential compression device for Cramps. Retrieved from www. google
scholar.com.
35. Liobet. Effectiveness of hypertonic glucose versus normal saline. (2008).
Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.hib.pubmed.
36. ParuizKhajebdehi. Treatment for Crampsdepartment of internal medicine, (2009). volume 1issue
no (3), pages 150-151.
37. Chiz-Tzung. Creatine monohydrate treatment alleviates Muscle Cramps. (2009) Department of
nephrology, volume11 issue no (22), pages 72-74.
38. Wells. Efficacy of quinine administration for Muscle Cramps. (2009).
Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.hib.pubmed.
39. Sherif El-Tawil. Quinine for Muscle Cramps, Journal of Nephrology, (2010). Volume 22 issue no
(41), pages 15-16.
40. Tainal, Musa Effect of quinine administration and vitamin C for Cramps. (2010).
Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org