BIOLOGY PROJECT ON DRUG AND
ALCOHOL ABUSE
SESSION-2020-2021
DIGVIJAY MEMORIAL SCHOOL
SUBMITTED BY: VIJAY SINGH
ROLL NO:
CLASS: XII (MEDICAL)
SUBMITTED TO: MS. GUNJAN (Dept OF BIO.)
CERTIFICATE
DURING THE ACADMIC YEAR 2020-2021. THIS IS
TO CERTIFY THAT THIS DISEERATION TITLED
‘DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE’ SUBMITTED BY
VIJAY SINGH TO DEPARTMENT OF DIGVIJAY
MEMORIAL SCHOOL, HISAR WAS CARRIED
UNDER GUIDENCE AND SUPERVISION.
DATED
(MS. GUNJAN)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The success and final outcome of this project required a
lot of guidance and assistance from many people and I
am extremely privileged to have got this all
along the completion of my project. All that I have done
is only due to such supervision and assitance and I
would not forget to thank them. I respect and thank
MS. Gunjan , for providing me an opportunity to do the
project work in DMS and giving us all support and
guidance which made me complete the project. I am
extremely thankful to her for providing such a nice
support and guidance although she had busy schedule
managing the corporate affairs
NAME: VIJAY SINGH
CLASS:XII(MEDICAL)
INDEX
SUBJECT
PAGE NO.
PART LIST
1
INTRODUCTION
2
OPIOIDS
3-4
CANNABINOIDS
5-6
COCAINE
7-8
ADDICTION AND DEPENDENCE
9
EFFECT OF DRUG/ALCOHOL ABUSE
10
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
11
PART LIST
 INTRODUCTION
 VARIOUS TYPES OF DRUGS
 ADDICTION AND DEPENDENCE
 EFFECT OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
INTRODUCTION
Surveys and statistics show that use of
drugs and alcohol has been on the rise
especially among the youth. This is
really a cause of concern as it could
result in many harmful effects. Majority
of these are obtained from flowering
plants and some are obtained from
fungi.
OPIOIDS
These are the drugs which bind to specific opioid
receptors present in our central nervous system
and gastro intestinal tract.
Heroin, commonly called smack is chemically
diacetylmorphine which is white, odourless,
bitter, crystalline compound.
This is obtained by acetylation or morphine,
which is extracted from the latex of poppy plant.
It is taken by snorting and injection, heroin is a
depressant and slows down body functions.
Chemical
structure of
opioids
Poppy plant
CANNABINOIDS
These are the group of chemicals which
interact with cannabinoids are obtained from
the inflorosence of the cannabis sativa.
The flower tops, leaves and resin of cannabis
plant are used in various combinations to
produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja.
The are taken by inhalation or oral injection
These are known for their effect on
cardiovascular system of body.
SKELETAL
STRUCTURE OF
CANNABINIOD
MOLECULE
CANNABIS SATIVA
COCAINE
 Coca alkaloid or cocaine is obtained from coca plant
erythroxylum coca, native to south America
 It interferes with the transport of the neurotransmitter dopamine.
 Cocaine, commonly called coke or crack is usually
snorted.
 It has a potent stimulating action on CNS.
 It produce a sense of euphoria and increased energy
 Excessive dosage of cocaine causes hallucinations.
 Other well-known plants with hallucinogenic
properties are atropa belladona and datura
CHEMICAL
STRUCTURE OF
COCAINE
ERYTHROXYLUM
COCA
ADDICTION AND DEPENDENCE
Addiction may involve:
 Using drugs despite the consequences.
 Being unable to stop using drugs
 Neglacting social and work obligations because of drug use.
Dependence
It’s possible to be dependent on drugs without being addicted.
Dependence can be bodily response to a substance. This often
occurs if you repy on medications to control a chronic medical
condition.
These conditions may include:
 High blood pressure
 Diabetes
 Glaucoma
Dependence ma involve:
 Some or all the symptoms of addiction.
EFFECT OF DRUG/ALCOHOL
ABUSE
The effects of alcohol addiction on the body and overall health can be
significant. They can be difficult or impossible to reverse. Studies
show alcohol use can affect these parts of body
Heart
High BP, irregular heartbeat, stroke.
Liver
Inflammation, including alcoholic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis.
Kidneys
Acute kidney failure and chronic kidney disease.
Pancreas
Inflammation and swelling of blood vessels that prevent proper
digestion.
Immune system
Increased susceptibility to diseases such as tuberculosis and
pneumonia
PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Deal with a wide range of problem situations
through the use of a systematic problemsolving strategy,
Provide accurate information,
Teach coping strategies to relive stress and
anxiety,
Develop assertiveness skill, and
Develop self-instructional techniques for
behavioral self-control