What is Network Technology?
Definition: The technology which is used to exchange the data between small
and large information. This technology can be used in educational institutions
as well as businesses. Network technicians know the installation; configuration
& troubleshooting of the network technology and this can be used to send digital
data like audio, data and visual files. By using networking, users can send
messages, files through e-mail or other channels based on the organization’s
requirement.
The expansion of a network mainly includes assessing the requirements of
organizational and informational of a business & estimates the costs of
hardware, training, installation, security & account management. When a
network is installed, then the technicians are accountable for the network
operation by providing technical support to employees in the organization from
any issues.
Types
Network
Technology
of
The classification of
network
technology
can be done based
on transmission and
scale. By using this
technology,
data
transmission, as well
as exchange, can be
done.
Network Technology based on Transmission
The network technology based on transmission can be done using the two
concepts like point-to-point and multipoint.
Point to Point
In point to point, when sender & receiver (nodes) are connected directly, then
the data transmission can be done with the help of a guided medium, used for
the wired network and unguided medium, used for the wireless network. The
following image shows the point to point network technology.
Multi-point
In multi-point, several nodes are connected directly with the help of a common
medium in a linear manner. The following image shows the multi-point network
technology
This kind of transmission mainly works on any of these two connections like
time-sharing otherwise spatially shared. In the first connection, every node is
accessible with a separate time of slot to converse, whereas, in the second
connection, the communication between the nodes can be done simultaneously
at a time.
Network Technology based on Scale
The network technology based on the scale can be done using concepts like
LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, and VPN.
LAN (Local Area Network)
An alternate name of LAN is IEEE 802 network and this network uses devices
like computers, laptops, and mobiles that are connected in a small range which
ranges from 100m to 10km. The properties of this network mainly depend on
its users, speed, range, as well as error rate.
The main elements of LAN mainly include the following.
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Peripheral devices like printers, scanners, etc.
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
A HUB or the middle of a network can be accountable for attracting the
signals. It is smart enough for transmitting the data packets from the sender
to the receiver.
Cables like twisted pair, optical fiber, and coaxial cables are used as
backbone cables due to their high bandwidth capacity.
Nodes/PC/computer/Host/server/workstation
Network interface card- NIC
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
A network where numerous LANs are united jointly through a networking device
is known as Bridge, and it forms a MAN (metropolitan area network). The
following image shows the MAN technology in computer networks.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A network where numerous WANs are united jointly through a networking
device is known as route, and it forms a WAN (wide area network). The
following image shows the WAN technology in computer networks.
There are two types of WANs namely public WAN and private WAN.


Public WAN: This kind of WAN is handled through government divisions.
Private WAN: This kind of WAN is expanded by the departments of the US
Military, Defence wing known as ARPANET.
WAN Elements




The elements of WAN are bridge, router, and gateway
The bridge is a device, used to connect related otherwise different LANs.
The router is a device, sued to connect related otherwise different networks.
Gateway is one kind of device, used to connect networks by using various
types of architectures. For instance, by using this gateway, communication
between a mobile device containing 4G connection & landline device
containing 2G connection
PAN (Personal Area Network)
A PAN (personal area network) is a computer network, and it allows
communication between computer devices close to a person. These networks
can be wired like USB otherwise FireWire and also they are wireless like IR,
ultra-wideband, and ZigBee. The range of this network is normally is some
meters. The best examples of this mainly include wireless keyboards, cell
phone headsets, printers, bar code scanners, wireless mice & game consoles.
This network is mainly used for personal purposes.
VPN (Virtual Private Network)
A VPN (a virtual private network) is started virtually on the public network for
communicating as well as transmitting data from sender to receiver. This
network creates a secure, encrypted link above a less-secure network like the
public internet. This network uses tunneling protocols for encrypting &
decrypting data at the ends of the sender and receiver
For average consumers, '3G' and '4G' are two of the most mysterious terms in
the mobile technology dictionary, but they're used relentlessly to sell phones
and tablets. If you're shopping for a new phone, the answer isn't clear-cut, and
you shouldn't always go for the higher number. Our primer will help explain
which technology to pick.
3G and 4G Explained
First things first, the "G" stands for a generation of mobile technology,
installed in phones and on cellular networks. Each "G" generally requires you
to get a new phone, and for networks to make expensive upgrades. The first
two were analog cell phones (1G) and digital phones (2G). Then it got
complicated.
Third-generation mobile networks, or 3G, came to the U.S. in 2003. With
minimum consistent Internet speeds of 144Kbps, 3G was supposed to bring
"mobile broadband." There are now so many varieties of 3G, though, that a
"3G" connection can get you Internet speeds anywhere from 400Kbps to more
than ten times that.
New generations usually bring new base technologies, more network capacity
for more data per user, and the potential for better voice quality, too.
4G phones are supposed to be even faster, but that's not always the case.
There are so many technologies called "4G," and so many ways to implement
them, that the term is almost meaningless. The International
Telecommunications Union, a standards body, tried to issue requirements to
call a network 4G but they were ignored by carriers, and eventually the ITU
backed down. 4G technologies include HSPA+ 21/42, WiMAX, and LTE
(although some consider LTE the only true 4G of that bunch, and some people
say none of them are fast enough to qualify.)
There are many different ways to implement LTE, too, so you can't assume all
LTE speeds are the same. Carriers with more available radio spectrum for LTE
can typically run faster networks than carriers with less spectrum, for instance.
This confusion is why we run our annual Fastest Mobile Networks story, which
tests 3G and 4G networks in 30 cities nationwide. In this year's tests, we
generally found that on speed alone AT&T's 4G LTE network was the fastest,
followed by T-Mobile LTE, Verizon LTE, T-Mobile HSPA+, Sprint LTE, AT&T
HSPA, Verizon 3G and finally Sprint 3G. As Sprint ramps up its faster "Spark"
LTE network, we expect its LTE speeds to rise to competitive levels.
Would you like to know more about LTE, the global standard for 4G? Read our
primer, What Is LTE? over at ExtremeTech.
When to Go For 4G
In 2013, almost everyone should have a 4G phone. Verizon now has
nationwide 4G LTE coverage. T-Mobile and MetroPCS have nationwide HSPA+
42 and growing LTE networks. AT&T has broad LTE coverage. Sprint is still
building out LTE, but by next year the carrier aims to be comprehensive.
There's one thing to watch out for, though. Some carriers, such as
FreedomPop, are still selling phones that run on Sprint's old WiMAX system.
That system is deteriorating and will be turned off at the end of 2015. The new
LTE system will only expand. So we recommend buying LTE devices from
Sprint, not WiMAX devices. If possible, the devices should also support Sprint's
new, faster "Spark" LTE system, not all of Sprint's LTE phones do.
If you like to surf the Web and especially stream video, 4G can be heaven. If
you connect a laptop to your mobile link, 4G makes a huge difference. In
general, anything involving transferring large amounts of data gets a big
boost from 4G. Watch out for the data limits on your service plan, though; it's
easy to use up a lot of data very quickly with 4G.
If you have a 3G phone and you've been frustrated with slow data, 4G may be
the solution. 4G won't solve any dropped call problems, though, as all calls will
be made over older networks until carriers switch to voice-over-LTE during the
next few years.
Finally, if you want to future-proof yourself, get a 4G phone. 4G coverage is
only going to get better, and that's where the carriers are spending most of
their money right now. You can assume that all 4G phones also support your
carrier's 3G and 2G networks as well.
Should You Even Consider 3G?
There are a few reasons you might still settle for a 3G phone.
If your phone is mostly for voice use, you have no need for 4G data. Save
money and save battery life by choosing a device without the high-speed
network.
If you live in an area that doesn't have 4G coverage, there's no advantage to a
4G phone. In fact, you'll have serious battery life problems if you buy an LTE
phone and don't disable 4G LTE, as the radio's search for a non-existent signal
will drain your battery quickly.
If you're strapped for cash and buying a phone off contract, you may have to
settle for 3G to save money. In that case, make sure to get the fastest 3G
phone possible. On Verizon and Sprint, you want to check that it supports
"EVDO Rev A." On T-Mobile and AT&T, you want the highest class of HSPA+
possible: if not 42 or 21, then 14.4