LESSON II
ARTICULATIONS
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
 Example of ginglymoarthrodial articulation
 Combination of gliding and loose hinge
movement
OSSEOUS PORTION OF JOINT
1. MANDIBULAR GLENOID FOSSA
2. ARTICULAR EMINENCE
3. CONDYLOID PROCESS
ARTICULAR DISK / MENISKUS
 Connective tissue found on the temporal
bone and mandibular condyle
 Made up of dense collagenous CN
 Avascular and no nerve
 No pain
BASIC MANDIBULAR MOVEMENT
1. HINGE
 Occurs when the condyle undergo
ROTATION
 Occurs when normal mouth opening
 When there is 2-3 mm intercuspal distance
(normal mouth opening) between upper and
lower
2. GLIDING
 Condyle undergo translation
 Came Out of the glenoid cavity and moved in
articular eminence
 Moves in protrusive lateral movement
BENETT SHIFT
 Lateral movement
MANDIBULAR FOSSA
 Oblong or depression in temporal bone
just anterior to auditory canal
BOUNDARIES OF MANDIBULAR FOSSA
anteriorly : ARTICULAR EMINENCE
externally : MIDDLE ROOT OF ZYGOMA AND
AUDITORY TUBE
Posteriorly : TYMPANIC PLATES
MANDIBULAR CONDYLE / CONDYLOID
PROCESS
 Convex on all bearing surfaces although
somewhat flattened posteriorly
 Wider latero posteriorly and thinner
antero posteriorly is thinner than latero
medially
BASIC PARTS OF MANDIBULAR CONDYLE
1. LATERAL POLE
2. MEDIAL POLE
3. PTERYGOID FOVEA
 Attachment of LATERAL PTERYGOID
MUSCLE
o Depression of mouth
JOINT CAPSULE
 Where TMJ is enclosed
 Attached at the articulation process of
mandibular fossa, eminence of the temporal
bone and to the neck of the mandible
CONSIST OF:
1. INNER SYNOVIAL LAYER
2. OUTER FIBROUS LAYER
 Contains nerves veins and collagen fibers
Nerve innervation:TRIGEMINAL NERVE
Vascular supply : MAXILLARY, TEMPORAL AND
MASSETERIC ARTERIES
ANTEROLATERAL SIDE
 Thickened forming a band called
temporomandibular ligament
TEMPOROMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
 Originate on the zygomatic arch
 Passes backwards attached on the lateral
surface and neck of the mandible
3 MANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
1. STYLOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
 Origin : STYLOID PROCESS
 insertion: ANGLE OF MANDIBLE
 Action: Limit excessive anterior drift
2.



SPHENOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
Origin :ANGULAR SPINE OF THE
SPHENOID BONE
insertion: LINGULA OF MANDIBLE
Action: Main suspensory drift for wider
mouth opening.
3. TEMPOROMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT
Origin : OUTER SURFACE OF THE
ARTICULAR EMINENCE AND THE
POSTERIOR SURFACE OF ZYGOMATIC
ARCH
 insertion: BEHIND AND BELOW THE
CONDYLAR NECK
 Action: Limit excessive posterior drift
 Main suspensory drift for normal mouth
opening.

NOTE:


Part of masticatory apparatus and has no
direct effect in mandibular elevation and
depression
Help stabilize the jaws and has no direct
relationship with ma mandibular articulation
BASIC TYPE OF ARTICULATION
1. SYNARTHROSIS
 Suture
 Gomphosis
 synchondrosis
2.
ARTICULAR DISK
 Has thicker anterior and posterior bands
 Has thin central zone that are evident
ATTACHMENT OF ARTICULAR DISK
Anteriorly Attachment: LATERAL PTERYGOID
MUSCLE
Posterior attachment : RETRODISCAL TISSUE
BASIC POSITION OF MANDIBLE
1. CENTRIC RELATION
 Relaxed position
 Normal mouth opening
 Has 2-3mm space between maxilla and
mandibular teeth
 Hinging
2. CENTRIC OCCLUSION
Maximum intercuspation
Where in the condyle is in most protruded
position
 HIging


CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE FOR CENTRIC
OCCLUSION
 condyle is in most protruded position
 Fabrication of normal occlusion
1.
3.
LOOKING UP
Muscles of the neck pull mandible towards
posterior
2. SWALLOW
 To achieve normal bite
STRESS THE MUSCLE OF MASTICATION

Cause of TMD
1. When loose the vertical dimension of
occlusion
2. SPASM occurs on muscle of mastication
NOTE: Present of pain in TMD because of the
retrodiscal tissue impinge between condyle and
temporal bone which is vascular and contains nerve
ending rather than meniscus which is
3.

AMPHIARTHROSIS
Syndesmosis

DIARTHROSIS - freely movable
TMJ
ATLANTO- OCCIPITAL JOINT
 nodding movements
 Synovial articulation to superior articular
facet of atlas and occipital condyles of
skull
ATLANTOAXIAL JOINT
 Joint in saying no
 C1-C2 Do not have an intervertebral disc
nor an intervertebral
 Synovial articulation of inferior articular
facet of atlas and superior articulating
facet of axis