Mid Term Study Guide Chapter 1 Why did Martin Luther write 95 Theses? What Florentine landmark shows how architecture blended beauty and utility during the Renaissance? According to legend, when Newton saw an apple fall from the tree, he began to consider what idea? What did Lutherans believe about salvation? How did the Medici family come to control Florence? How did the attitudes of Renaissance thinkers differ from those of medieval scholars? Why did Henry VIII want his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled, after 18 years of marriage? How did the Medici family help the Renaissance to flower? Which Italian Renaissance writer stressed that the end justifies the means in his writings? The spread of Calvinism led to what event? What issues led people to move towards the Protestant Reformation? The followers of John Calvin The Prince and The Book of the Courtier are examples of what type of literature developed during the Renaissance? Mid Term Study Guide Chapter 2 What disease was the scourge of the early voyages of exploration? The Boers treated the Africans as Who sponsored Portugal's early sea explorations? What people had enslaved Africans before the Europeans did? What European first rounded the southern tip of Africa? What did Lord Macartney refuse to do for the Chinese emperor? Afonso de Albuquerque won trading posts through What kingdom was known as the "Hermit Kingdom" because of its isolation? Why was the actual Line of Demarcation unclear? Osei Tutu united the people of his kingdom by The Dutch people who built a great trading empire were from What were the most valued items to Europeans in their early trade with Asia? Great power was given to the Dutch when they captured Portugal's Malaysian port of Mid Term Study Guide Chapter 3 It is said that the Spanish were driven by three things in their conquests of the Americas, "Gold, Glory, and __________." Most of the Africans who died in the Middle Passage died of what? What type of company allowed many people to pool their money for overseas ventures? When Columbus and his crew first arrived in the West Indies the Taínos greeted them how? The British captured what city in New France in 1763? By 1550, the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world was By the 1600s, what four European nations had colonies in North America? What current southern U.S. state was once a French settlement? French explorer Jacques Cartier discovered what river in North America? Hernán Cortés defeated the Aztecs with the help of Who were prohibited from moving to New France by King Louis XIV? Native Americans were forced to produce what in the Andes? Moctezuma thought that Cortés was Spanish plantations were most plentiful in Europeans adapted bookkeeping methods from the The New Laws of the Indies in 1542 forbade what? Mid Term Study Guide Chapter 4 Who had the reputation of being the most self-indulgent ruler in Europe? What nation had the "golden century" of the arts and literature from 1550 to 1650? Spain's struggle with England in the 1580s was over what issues? The English cabinet were advisors to whom? The influx of gold and silver into Spain from the Americas caused? The English Bill of rights gave the House of Commons control over what? Why did Peter the Great want a warm-water port? Many of the troops in the Thirty Years' War were What state initiated the Inquisition against non-Catholics? The English Levellers were the champions of what group? The absolute monarchs of Europe all had to bring what sources of Medieval power under their control? What ruler never married and had no heir? What ruler sought religious toleration for Protestants? What was the major war in Europe between Catholics and Protestants? The Thirty Years' War began in Which of the following was NOT a new political institution in England following the Glorious Revolution? Mid Term Study Guide Chapter 5 What city was the "heart of the Enlightenment"? How did courtly art in the 1700s differ from art in the 1600s? What benefit did the 13 colonies on the eastern coast of North America bring Great Britain? What new form of literature developed by the 1700s? Enlightenment thinkers insisted that people and governments could solve every social, political, and economic problem by England became united with which areas to help facilitate its rise to global prominence? Which of the following statements explains why the 13 American colonies were important to the British empire? Rousseau argued what point in his writings about the natural human state? Why did the colonists protest against "taxation without representation"? Why did colonists hurl a cargo of British tea into the Boston harbor? Which Enlightenment idea was contained in the Constitution of the United States? During the Enlightenment, the governments and churches of Europe Baron de Montesquieu wanted to separate the powers of government among three branches to How did the Salons of the Enlightenment develop? Thomas Jefferson drew from which Enlightenment thinker's ideas when he wrote the Declaration of Independence? Which of the following rulers was the most radical enlightened despot? Individuals – You will need to write at least the LAST NAME of these individuals. Mid Term Study Guide Adam Smith Charles V or Charles I Francesco Petrarch Francisco Pizarro George III Henry VIII Johann Gutenberg John Calvin John Locke John Wycliffe Leonardo Da Vinci Louis XIV Martin Luther Matteo Ricci Miquel de Cervantes Niccolò Machiavelli Nicolaus Copernicus Oliver Cromwell Peter the Great Pope Paul III Prince Henry Renee Descartes Thomas Jefferson William Shakespeare
