CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 1 of 8 CEBU DOCTORS’ UNIVERSITY HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSION COLLEGE OF ALLIED MEDICAL SCIENCES BS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CLASS OF 2024 Compilation by: LIBUNAO, Mark Edisson A. References: Lec2 of Ms Noelyn N. Fontanoza, RMT, MLS(ASCPi) OUTLINE Medical Technology Medical Technologists History of Medical Technology Profession a. History in Global Context b. Middle Ages c. Breakthroughs in Medical Technology d. Inventions and Innovations in the Field of Medical Laboratory e. History in United States f. History in the Philippines g. Significant Events in the History of Medical Technology in the Philippines Professional Organizations a. PAMET b. PASMETH Conclusion a. Medical Technology 21st Century b. Laboratory Automated Analyzers c. Keypoints 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 5 6 6 600 BC 300 BC to 180 AD 🔊 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 OBJECTIVES 1. Trace the history and development of the medical technology field. 2. Familiarize themselves with the medical technology practice in the Philippines. 3. Identify the medical technology organizations in the Philippines. MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY - is a branch of the allied health professions that deals with the study of various disciplines such as blood banking, chemistry, microbiology, parasitology, hematology, clinical microscopy, histology, and histopathology among others MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS - also known as clinical laboratory technologists or clinical laboratory scientists perform & analyze the results of complex scientific tests on blood and bodily fluids these highly-trained professionals work in hospitals and independent laboratories using sophisticated procedures and equipment 4 HUMORS THEORY 1. 2. 3. 4. Hot + Moist = BLOOD Hot + Dry = YELLOW BILE Cold + Moist = PHLEGM Cold + Dry = BLACK BILE Combinations of physiologic characteristics Galen was known for explaining anything in light of his theory and for having and explanation for everything. Rufus of Ephesus - First description of hematuria (blood in urine) - Also coined the term hematuria - Hematuria: attributed to failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the blood HISTORY OF MEDTECH PROFESSION HISTORY IN GLOBAL CONTEXT 1550 BC VIVIAN HERRICK : medical technologist who traces the beginning of medical technology when intestinal parasites such as Taenia and Ascaris were first identified and mentioned in early writings Ebers Papyrus : a book for treatment of diseases was published (contains three stages of hookworm infection and diseases) Polyuria of diabetes was noted : urinalysis is regarded as the oldest of laboratory procedures today : Hindu physician recorded the sweet taste of diabetic urine because it attracts ants Hippocrates of Kos (c. 460 BC to 370 BC) Father of Medicine Hippocratic Oath Advocated tasting of urine, listening to the lungs, and observing outward appearance in the diagnosis of disease. Appearance of bubbles, blood, and pus in urine (kidney disease and chronic illness) Claudius Galen of Pergamum - Described diabetes as “diarrhea of urine” - Greek physician - Father of experimental physiology - Established the relationship bet. the fluid intake and urine volume - Qualitative assessment of disorders through measurement of the four humors of body fluids in man (related to the 4 elements or 4 seasons): blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile - Practice medicine under Aristholean philosophy - Dissector: human and animal anatomy GREEKS Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A. CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 2 of 8 - Able to conclude if a patient was diabetic by observing his or her urine which attracted ants Acupuncture: China’s most effective means of treatment Arabic Science: field optic that lead to specialization in the treatment of eye disease CHINESE - Practiced immunization by inhaling powder made of small pox scabs ROMANS - Developed laboratory tools e.g. scalpel, forceps, speculum, surgical needles INDIANS - Practiced toxicology in a form of Agadatantra Early 11th CEN 14th CEN MIDDLE AGES Early Christians believed that disease was either a punishment for a sin or a result of witchcraft or possession. Basic therapy ïƒ PRAYER, PENITENCE, AND INVOCATION OF SAINTS - LAY MEDICINE – based their diagnosis on symptoms, exam. Pulse palpation, percussion and inspection of excreta or semen - Isaac Judaeus – Jewish physician and philosopher, devised guidelines for the use of urine as a diagnostic aid Jerusalem Code of 1090 – failure to examine urine will be subject to public beatings - - 1969 Mid 1800s UROSCOPY - 18th CEN Water casting Medieval Europe Historical medical practice of visually examining a patient’s urine for pus, blood, or other symptoms of disease Patients submit specimen in a decorative flask Physicians who failed to examine the urine will be subject to PUBLIC BEATINGS (Jerusalem Code of 1090) Medical Practitioners were not allowed to conduct physical examination of the patient’s body thus they only relied solely on the patient’s description of symptoms and their observation ANNE P. FAGELSON : she believed that MedTech started on the 14th century when a prominent Italian doctor, Mondino de’ Liuzzi, employed Alessandra Giliani to perform different tasks in the laboratory : died due to a laboratory-acquired infection Mechanical Techniques and Cadaver Dissection to provide accurate diagnosis 80% of Medical Professionals were nonphysicians, impelled the need for technicians to be proficient in the use of technology (patients are likewise needed to be educated with the tests done to them) Laboratories were regulated by Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (to be used for medical diagnostics in the US by mid-1900s) BREAKTHROUGHS IN MEDTECH 1816 RENE LAENNEC 1840 ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK 1850 HERMANN VON HELMHOLZ 1855 MANUEL GARCIA 1859 (?; 1895) WILHELM ROENTGEN Zacharias Janssen - - Opened the doors for scientists who wanted to explore the invisible world we live in and further understand the disease causation Janssen Microscope (very simple; it has an eyepiece and an objective) 900 AD 1096 to 1438 Middle Age (5th to 15th CEN) first book on Urine Characteristics (color, density, quality) was written RUTH WILLIAMS : MT began from the medieval period (1096-1438) as supported by the fact that urinalysis was a fad. Urinalysis are practiced Herbal medicine: widely-used therapeutic benefits were not scientifically-proven School of Salerno: first school that organize medical school in Europe stethoscope: used to acquire info from the lungs and heart microscope: instrument that produces enlarged images of small objects, allowing the observer an exceedingly close view of minute structures at a scale convenient for analysis and examination ophthalmoscope: first visual technology, instrument for inspecting the interior of the eye laryngoscope: uses 2 mirrors to observe the throat and larynx discovered that radiation penetrates on solid object of low density; x-ray: produces image of internal body structure; allows physicians to view without surgery; it is used to diagnose pneumonia, pleurisy, and tuberculosis since WWII Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A. CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 3 of 8 1903 19th cen 1910 1927 1927 1927 1929 1931 1939 1977 WILLIAM EINTHOVEN electrocardiograph: monitors the electrical changes during beating of the heart Physicians began using machines for diagnosis or therapeutics e.g. spirometer, sphygmomanometer JOHN spirometer: vital capacity of HUTCHINSON the lungs JULES sphygmomanometer: blood HERISSON pressure Laboratory diagnosis of diabetes, anemia, diphtheria, and syphilis Aniline dye was produced: enabled staining of bacteria ELIZABETH Kenny Method: pioneering KENNY work for Physical Therapy, treatment for Polio (was then called infantile paralysis); use hot packs and muscle manipulation; prompted the invention of modern physical therapy stretcher (Sylvia stretcher) SYLVIA STRETCHER: transports patients in shock PHILLIP Drinker (artificial) respirator: DRINKER help patients with paralytic anterior poliomyelitis recover normal respiration with the assistance of artificial respirator GODFREY tomography HOUNSFIELD CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND ANGIOGRAPHY - First operated by Forsmann (1929) - Developed by Moniz, Reboul, and Rousthoi (1930-1940) - Discovered as safe method by Cournand (1941) - Made seeing the heart, lung vessels, and valves possible through inserting the cannula in an arm vein and into the heart with an injection of radiopaque dye for x-ray visualization ERNST RUSKA electron microscope: first AND prototype is at 400 power MAX KNOLL magnification; visualization of small cells including tumor cells HERMANN VON heart-lung machine: a HELMHOLZ machine that temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lungs, especially during heart surgery RAYMOND MRI or Magnetic Resonance DAMADIAN Imaging TOMOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) - Adaptation of computers TOMOGRAPHY: Godfrey Hounsfield (1927) - MRI: Raymond Damadian (1977) First to do full body scan of a human being Others: - Prosthesis as heart valves, blood vessels Electromechanical limbs Robotics Keyhole Surgery Procedures Genetic Engineering Telemedicine (information technology) Medical Technology has improved quality of life and increased life expectancy. However, this progress resulted in the reevaluation of the traditional definitions of life and death. INVENTIONS AND INNOVATIONS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL LABORATORY NOTE: NO NEED TO MEMORIZE THE DATES. JUST THE PEOPLE AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION 1660 ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK : Father of Microbiology : invention of microscope 1796 EDWARD JENNER : discovered vaccination (established immunity to small pox) Strong impact to immunology 1880 MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER BICHAT : impact on Histology (identified organs by their types of tissues) 1835 AGOSTINO BASSI : beginning of Bacteriology (produced disease in worms by injection of organic material) 1857 LOUIS PASTEUR : successfully produced immunity to rabies 1866 GREGOR MENDEL : enunciated his Law of Inherited Characteristics from studies on plants 1870 JOSEPH LISTER : Father of antiseptic (modern) surgery : surgical infections are caused by airborne organisms 1877 ROBERT KOCH : presented first pictures of bacilli (anthrax) – later tubercle bacilli 1886 ELIE METCHNIKOFF : described phagocytes in blood and its role in fighting infection; phagocytosis ERNST VON BERGMANN : Stream sterilization (in surgeries) 1902 KARL LANDSTEINER : development of ABO blood group system 1906 AUGUST VON WASSERMANN : developed immunologic tests for syphilis HOWARD RICKETTS : rickettsiae – microorganisms whose range lies between bacteria and viruses 1929 HANS FISCHER : structure of hemoglobin 1954 JONAS SALK Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A. CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 4 of 8 1973 1980 1985 1992 1998 15781657 16351703 16281694 1694 16211675 16311691 17391774 1714 1770 1774 1776 1780 1789 19th century : developed poliomyelitis vaccine (inactivated) JAMES WESTGARD : Westgard Rules (quality control in clinical laboratories) BARUCH SAMUEL BLUMBERG : Hepatitis B vaccine KARY MULLIS : Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) ANDRE VAN STEIRTEGHEM : intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF) JAMES THOMSON : first human Stem Cell line WILLIAM HARVEY Discovery of the circulation of blood; Proved through vivisection, ligation, and perfusion that the heart acts as a muscular pump propelling the blood throughout the body in a continuous cycle ROBERT HOOKE Used microscope to document the existence of “cells” MARCELLO MALPHIGI Father of Histology; Physician to Pope Innocent XII and was famous for his investigations of the embryology of the chick and the histology and physiology of the glands and viscera FREDERIK DEKKERS Urine contained protein would form a precipitate when boiled with acetic acid THOMAS WILLIS First to notice the characteristic sweet taste of diabetic urine (as if it was infused with honey or sugar) RICHARD LOWER First to perform direct transfusion of blood from one animal to another WILLIAM HEWSON Father of Hematology Discovered coagulation GABRIEL FAHRENHEIT Develops the mercury thermometer and the Fahrenheit temperature scale JOHN HILL Introduces a method of obtaining specimens for microscopic study J.W. TICHY Observations of sediments in the urine of febrile patients MATTHEW DOBSON Proved that sweetness of the urine and blood serum in diabetes is caused by sugar FRANCIS HOME Developed yeast test for sugar determination in diabetic urine ANTOINE FRANCOIS DE FOURCROY Discovers cholesterol JOHANNES EVANGELISTA PURKINJE Pioneer the use of microscope; Description of the germinal vesicle in the embryo; 1854 1877 1879 1928 1830 1836 1852 1854 1869 1872 1875 1886 1892 1893 1895 Description and naming of protoplasm, discovery of the sudoriferous glands of the skin and their excretory ducts JOHN SNOW Studied the great cholera outbreak in London KARL VON VIERORDT Coagulation time as an index of blood coagulation SIR ALMROTH EDWARD WRITE Observed the role of calcium salts in the coagulation of blood PAUL EHRLICH Developed methods of drying and fixing blood smears using heat; Discovered mast cells & classified WBCs according to its granulation ALEXANDER FLEMING Penicillin (paramount in initiating the antibiotic era) GERARDUS MULDER Performed the first chemical analysis of proteins JOSEPH JACKSON LISTER Developed an achromatic microscope and introduced dark-field microscopy JAMES MARSH Developed a standard test for arsenic KARL VON VIERORDT Developed a method for performing accurate blood counts- hemocytometry GEORGE GABRIEL STOKES Discovered fluorescence WILLIAM PERKIN Prepared the first synthetic dye JULES DUBOSCQ Developed the first visual colorimeter based on Beer’s Law HERMAN LUER Invented the glass hypodermic syringe (needle) OSCAR BREFELD Developed the use of a gelatin for isolation of fungi WILLIAM HENRY CORFIELD Established the first public health lab in England MAX JAFFE Developed alkaline picrate method for the determination of creatinine JAMES DEWAR Invented the vacuum flask JULIUS ELSTER & HANS FRIEDRICH GEITEL Invented the photoelectric cell THEODORE RICHARDS Invented the nephelometer (an instrument for measuring the size and concentration of particles suspended in a liquid or gas, especially by means of the light they scatter) FRANZ ZIEHL & FRIEDRICH NEELSEN Produced their modification of the acid-fast stain for tuberculosis Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A. CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 5 of 8 1896 1902 1905 1908 1911 1916 1919 1926 1928 1929 1930 1932 1938 N/A CHARLES PURDY Published Practical Urinalysis and Urinary Diagnosis FERDINAND WIDAL Developed the agglutination test for identification of the typhoid bacillus CHRISTIAN BOHR Discovered the reciprocal relationship between pH and oxygen content of hemoglobin (Bohr Effect) MARTINUS BEIJERINCK Obtained the first pure culture of the sulfuroxidizing bacterium H.J. BECHTOLD Discovered immunodiffusion ARTHUR SANFORD & JAMES TODD Published the first edition of Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods OSKAR HEIMSTADLT Invented the fluorescence microscope PHILIP ADOLF KOBER Developed the colorimeter-nephelometer FRANCIS WILLIAM ASTON Developed the mass spectrograph ARNE TISELIUS Developed moving boundary electrophoresis of proteins THEODORE SVEDBERG Determined the molecular weight of hemoglobin by ultracentrifugation GEORGE NICHOLAS PAPANICOLAOU Reported the ability to recover cancer in vaginal smears OTTO FOLIN Introduced the use of light filter in colorimetry R. GABREUS Developed the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as an index of severity of disease H.D. KAY Developed the first clinical laboratory method for alkaline phosphatase (Clinical Enzymology) IAN CHERRY & LATHAN CRANDALL Developed the first clinical lab method for serum lipase activity MICHAEL SOMOGYI Developed 2 major clinical lab methods for serum and urine amylase activity ALEXANDER GUTMAN Developed the first assay for acid phosphatase EDWARD JOSEPH CONWAY & ROBERT COOKE Developed the first clinical lab method for ammonia S. BORGSTROM Develops the whole blood clotting time test ROSALYN YALOW & SOLOMON BERSON Developed radioimmunoassay MIROSLAV POULIK Invented immunoelectrophoresis ALAN WALSH Develops the atomic absorption spectrometer FELIX WROBLEWSKI and JOHN LADUE Developed the method for serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum alanine aminotransferase ARTHUR KARMEN Developed the method for aspartate aminotransferase SEVERO OCHOA Synthesized RNA EMILE VAN HANDEL & DON ZILVERSMIT Developed a direct chemical method for the determination of triglycerides JAMES WESTGARD Introduces Westgard control rules into clinical laboratory quality control M.C. YANK Introduced Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) as a serum tumor marker TUMOR MARKERS 1980 DAVID COLCHER 1981 HILARY KOPROWSKI ROBERT BAST JR. 1983 L. LINDHOLM 1985 R. TOBIAS 1987 KURT BRAY S. FUKUTA CA-72 colorectal cancer CA 19-9 pancreatic cancer CA-125 ovarian cancer CA-50 colorectal cancer CA-15-3 breast cancer CA 549 breast cancer CA-195 colorectal cancer HISTORY IN UNITED STATES 1895 1918 1920 University of Pennsylvania’s William Pepper Laboratory Clinical Medicine was opened JOHN KOLMER : certification of Medical Technologists - Published “The Demand for and Training of Laboratory Technicians” with the description of the first formal training course in MT KOLMER: enacted into state Pennsylvania legislature that all hospitals be equipped of laboratory for routine testing and to employ a full-time lab technician Admin units of clinical labs in a large hospital were directed by a chief physician Clinical Laboratories consisted of 5 divisions - Clinical Pathology, Bacteriology, Microbiology, Serology, and Radiology Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A. CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 6 of 8 1922 1950 American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) founded & established the Code of Ethics for Technicians. ASCP Code of Ethics: TECHNOLOGISTS should work under supervision of a physician and refrain oral, written diagnosis and treatment of patients American Society for Medical Technologists (ASMT) : formed under subgroup of ASCP and sought certification of their educational qualification through licensure laws THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE (ASCP) 1. Formerly known American Society for Medical Technologists 2. Originally was a subgroup of ASCP 3. Helped in the recognition of non-physician clinical laboratory scientists as autonomous professionals. 4. 1950 – MTs in the US sough for professional recognition from the government of their educational qualifications through licensure laws. HISTORY IN PHILIPPINES NOTE: No need to memorize the dates just the hospitals and their use/s. Late 16th Manila: capital of Spanish empire century 1565 Hospital Real in Cebu (first Spaniards hospital) was moved to Manila to cater to military patients Members of religious orders that arrived here established health institutions for the poor and educational institutions for the elite 1578 San Lazaro Hospital: for poor and lepers built by the religious Franciscans 1596 Hospital de San Juan de Dios: for poor Spaniards 1641 Hospital de San Jose (Cavite) 1611 University of Santo Tomas was built and founded by the Dominicans 1871 UST established the first faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy With the establishment of both health and educational institutions, journals of Science and Medicine were also published. The ff. were the journals created in UST: Boletin de Medicina de Manila 1886 Revisita Farmaceutica de Filipinas 1893 Cronicas de Ciencias Medicas 1895 1806 The central board of vaccinationproduce and distribute vaccine lymph (in 1806) had 122 regular vaccinators (vacunadores) in Manila (and other major towns by 1898). 1876 Provincial Medical Officers were appointed to provide health care services throughout the country. 1883; 1886 Board of Health and Charity: established and expanded 1887 Laboratorio Municipal de Manila: established by the Spanish authorities for laboratory examination of water, food clinical samples GEN. ANTONIO LUNA: chemical expert in water testing, forensics, and environmental studies End of 19th Spaniards century considered to be authorities in medicine started exploring the microbial causes of diseases 1899-1902 Advancements in Medicine and health care broke down due to Philippine-American War In replacement of the Spanish health system, the Americans established public health institutions modeled after military health care systems. 1898 After the fall of Manila, the Spanish Military Hospital > First Reserve Hospital: LT. COL. HENRY LIPINCOTT (chief surgeon of the Division of the Pacific and Eight Army Corps) - Diagnostic lab but was not fully maximized when it first became operational due to its director contracting typhoid fever RICHARD P. STRONG: the successor, utilized laboratory to perform autopsies and examine blood, feces, and urine 1901 Bureau of Government Laboratories (Pedro Gil) - Established by the US Govt through the Philippine Commission under the Philippine Commission Act No. 156 - Located in Calle Herran, Ermita, Manila - science library, vaccines production, laboratory diagnosis - now the National Institutes of Health of University of the Philippines – Manila after its destruction during the WWII SECTIONS AND USES IN THE BGL BIOLOGY Address & develop methods in dx, tx, and prevention of human and animal diseases. CHEMICAL Food, plant composition, and minerals were investigated. PAUL FREER: the bureau’s first director ensured the lab be equipped with incubators, sterilizers, microscopes, microtomes, stains, glassware, & chemicals SIGNIFICANT EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES 1947 1954 1956 Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC) The Philippine Union College (PUC) and Medical Sanitarium in Baesa, Caloocan offered the first 4-year BS Medical Technology PUC – Dr. Jesse Umali (first graduate) who become an OB-GYN Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A. CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 7 of 8 1963 1964 1966 1969 1970 1972 1973 1975 1983 1999 RA 1517 (Blood Banking Law) was approved An organizational meeting, headed by Crisanto G. Almario was held at the Public Health Laboratory, Manila which was attended by professionals and members of the academe from the allied medical profession. PAMET had its first national convention at FEU Medical Auditorium RA 4688 (The Clinical Laboratory Act) was approved PAMET was registered at the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) RA 5527 (Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969) was enacted into law. The Board of Medical Technology was created pursuant to RA 5527, the first MT licensure exam was conducted and Maridel P. Pasag, the first board topnotcher. PASMETH was created. PAMET was registered with the International Association of Medical Laboratory Technologists (IAMLT) Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos declared the 3rd week of September as Medtech Week. Angelina Jose was elected as the first female president of PAMET. UST Graduate School offered MSMT – first school to offer this Prof. Lina C. Somera awarded as the “Most Outstanding Medical Technologist” Norma Chang – PAMET President, also elected President for ASEAN Association of Medical Laboratory Technologists (AAMLT) What are the two important events that triggered the start of medical laboratory practice in the Philippines? 1. The opening of the Suez Canal facilitated the dissemination of information from the West to the East. 2. Because of the outbreak of WWII, the American soldiers who were based in the Philippines trained Filipinos in routine laboratory techniques which ultimately paved the way to the establishment of medical technology in the country. THE PUBLIC HEALTH LABORATORY 1. Located on Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila 2. Headed by DR. ALFREDO PIO DE RODA, assisted by DR. MARIANO ICASIANO 3. First laboratory based in the Philippines THE MANILA SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL 1. Managed by Dr. Horace A. Hall 2. During 1954, it was the first to offer the school of Medical Technology under DR. ELVIN HEDRICK and MRS. WILLA HEDRICK 3. A few years later, it offered medical internship and residency training program in LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY in California, USA MANILA ADVENTIST MEDICAL CENTER AND SCHOOL OF MEDICAL ARTS, INC. 1. Absorbed the School of Medical Technology from Manila Sanitarium and Hospital leaving the hospital the facility for its clinic. 2. Previously known as Philippine Union College (PUC) PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1. Philippine Association of Schools of Medical Technology and Public Health (PASMETH) 2. Philippine Association of Medical Technologists (PAMET) PASMETH 1. The national organization of all registered schools of medical technology in the Philippines. 2. Formed in 1970 in hopes of maintaining the highest standards of MT/PH education and to foster closer relations among these schools. 3. Established: May 13, 1970 as headed by Dr. Gustavo Reyes 4. 2019-now president: MR. BERNARD EBUEN PAMET 1. Non-stock, non-profit organization 2. Originally organized on September 15, 1963 by MR. CRISANTO G. ALMARIO at the Public Health Laboratory in Sta. Cruz, Manila 3. It had its first convention and election of officers on September 20, 1964 at the FEU wherein MR. CHARLEMAGNE TAMONDONG became the first President. 4. It was incorporated and registered at the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 14, 1969 with Reg. No. 39570, during the presidency of Mr. Nardito D. Moraleta. 5. On June 21, 1969, RA 5527 also known as the Philippine Medical Technology Act, was enacted into law. 6. A few days before the declaration of Martial Law on September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos declared the third (3rd) week of September as a celebration of the Medical Technology profession. 7. On June 22, 1973, PD 223 was approved creating the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). PAMET was officially recognized as the only Accredited Organization (APO) of registered Medical Technologists in the Philippines. 8. 2019-now president: MR. RONALDO E. PUNO Extra: wala sa discussion 1905 Bureau of Science with Philippine General Hospital University of the Philippines: active center for scientific research for diagnosis of cholera, malaria, leprosy, tuberculosis, and dysentery) 1927 UP College of Public Health : Certificate of Public Health Program Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A. CDU CLASS OF 2024: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 1 | 8 of 8 1939 to 1945 December 7, 1941 June 18, 1942 June 1945 1954 1957 1961 World War II - RA 5527 is known as the Philippine Medical Technology Act of 1969 Pearl harbor invaded by Japan. The effects were sickness and death. 3rd Medical Laboratory Unit (South West Pacific Area) Manila Public Health Laboratory (Quiricada St., Sta. Cruz, Manila) : DR. PIO DE RODA with Manila City Health Officer DR. MARIANO ICASIANO DR. PIO DE RODA & DR. TIRSO BRIONES : 6month laboratory training with certificates Bureau of Private Education – WILLA HEDRICK (Manila Sanitarium Hospital) : opened BSMT (4 years) with internship at Loma Linda University of California Philippine Union College at Baesa, Caloocan (now Adventist University of the Philippines : DR. JESSE UMALI – first graduate of BSMT UST offered Medical Technology as an elective in College of Pharmacy BSMT was organized by UST MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 21st CENTURY - - Information technology, computing power, and greater levels of magnification now allow medical laboratory scientists to see the detail of human cellular structures DEFRIBILATOR: administers electric shock to the heart in order to re-establish normal heart rhythm Modern CT Scanner LABORATORY AUTOMATED ANALYZERS - - Entire hospital information system can be linked to automated instruments and reporting authorities’ desktops When a sample report is ready, information goes to reporting officer’s computer After the approval of result, it is displayed in all computers in the hospital Clinician or nurses awaiting the report can check at regular intervals for the report After matching the patient’s unique hospital number, they can directly take a print out of the report KEYPOINTS - - History of Medical Technology can be traced back to the ancient times UNITED STATES: establishment of the first clinical laboratories and the development of the laboratory practice marked the growth of the medical technology field PHILIPPINES: establishment of the country’s first clinical laboratory by the 26th Medical Infantry of the 6th Infantry Division of the US Army Compiled by: Libunao, Mark Edisson A.