COVALENT BONDS
Covalent Bonds
Stability
SHARING ELECTRONS!
2 non metals react together both need to gain electrons to achieve stable outer
shells
REMEMBER! Only valence electrons eill be shared
Covalent Bonds
Covalent molecules: 2 atoms of the same element share their valence electrons.
Examples: H2, O2, N2, I2, Cl2,
Covalent compounds: 2 or more atoms of different elements share their valence
electrons
Examples: H2O, CO2, C2H4, NH3
IONIC BONDS
IONS
An atom or molecule with a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or
more electrons. An ion can be positively or negatively charged
Ionic Bonds
● Electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
● An ionic bond is formed between ions of opposite charge
● An ionic bond is formed between a metal and a non-metal
● Non metals will form negative ions: will gain the electrons lost by the metals
● Metals will form positive ions: will lose their outer electrons
Ionic Bonds
Each atom will achieve the stable configuration of the nearest noble gas
Groups IV and V do not form ions
The atoms will be held together by the attraction of oppositely charged ions
Ionic Bonds
Examples