Learning
Question
What is cloning?
Success Criteria
• State what a clone is
• Describe what cloning is
• Discuss issues related to cloning
What is a Clone?
• Clones are genetically identical individuals
What is a Clone?
• Clones are genetically identical individuals
Bacteria, plants and some animals can reproduce
asexually (only one parent) to form clones that are
genetically identical to their parent
Asexual reproduction only requires one parent, unlike
sexual reproduction, which needs two
Since there is only one parent, there is no fusion of
gametes, and no mixing of genetic information
As a result, the offspring are genetically identical to
the parent, and to each other - so they are clones
Why do people want to clone
animals or plants?
People may want to clone an animal deliberately
Just like the cloning of plants, the cloning of
animals has many important commercial
implications
It allows an individual animal with desirable
features, such as a cow that produces a lot
of milk, to be duplicated several times
But the process is more complex
than it is with plants
What is a Clone?
Natural Cloning
• Twins are genetically identical because they are formed
after one egg cell is fertilised but splits to form two
embryos
• They have the same genes
• As the genes came from both parents they are not clones
of either parent, but they are natural clones of each other
Artificial Cloning
• It is possible to make clones artificially
• Cloning allows an individual animal that has desirable
features, such as a cow that produces a lot of milk, to be
duplicated several times
Cloning Dolly the Sheep
Cloning Dolly the Sheep
Adult cell cloning involves several steps:
1. The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised
egg cell and discarded
2. The nucleus is removed
from an adult body cell
and injected into the egg
cell
3. An electric shock is
applied to make the egg
cell begin to divide to
form an embryo
Cloning Dolly the Sheep
4. While it is still a ball of cells, the embryo is
inserted into the womb of an adult female
5. The embryo continues
to grow and develop
6. The new individual is
genetically identical
to the animal that
donated the nucleus
from one of its body
cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=-Qry1gYYDCA
1. What is a clone
2. Describe what cloning is
3. Complete reflection on debate