Exam 1
Theng
Name:___________________________
Multiple Choice (2 points each, 16 pts total)
(please circle the best answer and write your response)
____ 1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____ 2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____ 3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
____ 4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
____ 5.
Fiber is not digestible in the human small intestine because:
Lactase is not present in the small intestine.
It is digested in the stomach.
It is insoluble.
No enzymes can break it down.
Bacteria degrade it in the large intestine.
Cortisol is a(n) ________ steroid hormone.
Counter-regulatory
Anabolic
Water soluble
Pancreatic
Insulin resistant
Glucagon promotes ___________ in the liver.
Protein synthesis
Ketogenesis
Fat synthesis
Insulin resistance
Both a and c
Both a and b
Insulin signaling occurs mainly in ________.
Adipose tissue
Brain
Muscle
Liver
Pancreas
Both a and b
Both a and c
Very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL) are synthesized by the _________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
____ 6.
Small intestine
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
Both a and b
Both b and c
Chylomicrons are ______________________ after lipid digestion.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
____ 7.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
____ 8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Released into the blood then the lymph
Released into the lumen of the intestine
Released into the lymph for delivery to tissues
Released into the lymph then the blood
Absorbed by peripheral tissues
Phospholipids are critical for __________.
Packaging lipids for delivery to tissues.
Synthesizing membrane proteins.
Signaling by fatty acids in cells.
Maintaining integrity of joints.
Generating ATP.
More than one above
More than two above
More than three above.
Obesity can lead to type 2 diabetes because ________
Insulin receptors can become desensitized during obesity.
Fatty acids can lead to the degradation of insulin receptors.
Increased inflammation damages -cells of the pancreas.
Insulin production is reduced in obese individuals.
Insulin receptors become mutated during obesity
All of the above
None of the above
More than one above
True and False (1 point each, 16 pts total)
T F 9.
T F 10.
Carbohydrates are the preferred source of energy for red blood cells.
High blood LDL levels are thought to increase cardiovascular disease risk
because LDL’s deposit fatty acids in arterial walls.
T F
11.
Transcription factors recognize sequences on RNA to make protein.
T F
12.
Fat and cholesterol are absorbed by passive diffusion in the small intestine.
T F
13.
Essential fatty acids are produced from saturated fat in the liver.
T F
14.
Ketoacidosis can result from a severe deficiency of insulin in type 1 diabetics.
T F
15.
Glucagon is produced by the -cells of the pancreas.
T F
16.
Triglycerides are assembled in small intestinal cells prior to incorporation into
chylomicrons.
T F
17.
Soy protein is an incomplete protein.
T
F 18.
Cholecystekinin (CCK) is critical for neutralizing acids in the small intestine.
T
F 19.
Essential fatty acids are critical to maintain normal function of the immune
system.
T
F 20.
An omega 9 fatty acid has a double bond starting at the -9 carbon.
T
F 21.
Release of counter-regulatory hormones is effective in reducing blood glucose
levels.
T
F 22.
Hydrochloric acid converts pepsinogen to pepsin in the stomach.
T F
23.
The large intestine absorbs water and nutrients during digestion.
T F
24.
Kwashiorkor occurs as a result of overall energy malnutrition.
Short Answer (3 points each, 18 pts total)
25.
Name two counter-regulatory hormones. What is the collective function of
counter-regulatory hormones?
26.
Name and briefly describe what the three steps of protein synthesis are.
27.
Besides elevated blood glucose what are three metabolic abnormalities that can
occur during uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
28.
Name three enzymes that aid in the digestion of fats and their function.
29.
When blood glucose levels are low, what steps occur to restore them?
30.
What is the key difference between Marasmus and Kwashiorkor and what are
the symptoms of each?