CLASS S2
10/10/2019
Chapter 14:Introduction to
Organic Chemistry
STARTER
Discuss the origin of the smell of different
compounds.
Objectives
1.To discuss representation of different organic
compounds by; empirical formula, molecular
formula, structural formula and skeletal
formula.
2.To explain the functional groups of organic
compounds and how organic compounds are
named.
Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of
carbon
Carbon compounds include; DNA, proteins in our
bodies, carbohydrates, wool, cotton, petrol,
medicines, pesticides, etc.
Organic chemicals make our life easy but also cause
serious environmental problems(e.g. organic
compounds used as aerosol propellant damage the
ozone layer, insecticide is harmful to human.
NOTE; Organic chemistry does not include the
study carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, carbides and
cyanide
Empirical formula :Is the simplest formula
showing the lowest whole number ratio of atoms
present in a compound.
Molecular formula :Is a chemical formula that
gives the total number of atoms of each element
in a molecule.
Structural formula :Is a formula that identify the
location of chemical bonds between atoms in a
molecule.
Skeletal formula :Is a representation of molecular
structure in which covalent bonds are shown as
lines.(see fig 14.4 page 190).
Class activity 1
Page 191 question 1,2 and 3
Functional Groups
A functional group is an atom or a group of
atoms that effectively determines the chemical
properties of an organic compound.
See table 14.2 page 191
Naming organic compounds
Hydrocarbons: These are compounds of carbon
and hydrogen only.
The hydrocarbons forms the basis of naming
organic compounds.
Class activity 2
Pages 192 and 193 questions 4 and 5