Hello!
PARALLELISM
Learning
Competency:
▪Observes parallelism in
sentences to achieve
clarity and brevity
PARALLELISM
Means “like construction for like
ideas”. It is indispensable to clear,
grammatically correct and effective
sentences. In striving for matching
word structure, remember the ff.:
The following rules should be followed:
As a general rule,
sentence elements that
are coordinate in rank
should be parallel in
structure.
1.
▪An infinitive should be followed
by an infinitive of similar form, a
gerund by another gerund, a
phrase by a phrase, a clause by
a clause, etc.
Avoid misleading
parallelism. Do not use
the same structural
form for sentence
elements which are not
of equal value.
2.
3
Avoid
.
ineffective,
partial
parallelism.
4
A sentence element
.following a
correlative should
be parallel in form.
5.
Do not join a relative clause
to its principal clause using
and, but, or or. The
connectors and, but, or, and
other coordinators connect
only elements of equal rank.
Learning
Competency:
▪Observes parallelism in
sentences to achieve
clarity and brevity
What is
PARALLELISM?
Parallelism- a sentence
needs to have a balance in
grammar. When writing a list,
every item starts with the
same type of verb or noun,
adjective or adverb format.
Examples:
1. "ing" verbs: We went
running, biking,
swimming, and fishing.
2. "ed" verbs: We
walked, jumped and
skipped on the way.
3. nouns: We drove to
the lake, mountains,
desert and beach all in
one day.
4. adjective: She had
purple, silver-tipped,
spiky hair.
5. adverb: Lovingly,
graciously and
generously, she helped
us out.
Faulty: Grandpa walked
carefully, in a slow way, and
halted a lot.
Correct: Grandpa walked
carefully, slowly and haltingly.
Faulty: When talking to the
group, he spoke sincerely and
with passion.
Correct: When talking to the
group, he spoke sincerely
and passionately.
Faulty: The cafeteria was
messy, noisy, and it was
crowded.
Correct: The cafeteria was
messy, noisy, and crowded.
Faulty: The boy is frolicking in the
sun, running through the water, and
he looks at a girl down the way.
Correct: The boy is frolicking in the
sun, running through the water, and
looking at a girl down the way.
A murderer is condemned to death
He has to choose between 3 rooms
The first is full of raging fires
The second assasins with loaded gun
Third, lions who haven’t eaten in years
Which room is the safest?
Learning
Competency:
▪Follow
capitalization rules
Capitalization Rules
Capitalization is writing the
first letter of a word in a
capital letter and the rest
in the lower-case letters.
The following words should be capitalized:
1.The first letter of
the first word of
every sentence.
Proper
Nouns
2.
▪Maria Delos Santos
▪the Philippines
▪Pepsi
▪the Golden Gate Bridge
▪the Grand Canyon
▪Proper names: Brand names,
Companies, Days of the week and
months of the year, Holidays,
Institutions, Organizations, planets
etc.
▪In general, do not capitalize the
word the before proper nouns.
3
Adjectives
. derived from
proper nouns
▪Canadian citizen
▪Russian song
▪Shakespearean sonnet
▪Canadian citizen
▪Russian song
▪Shakespearean
sonnet
4
The Pronoun “I”
.and all of its
contractions
▪I, I’ll, I’m, I’d
5
Nouns
and
.
pronouns that
pertain to God
▪Do not worry
for He is our
God.
Most
6.
acronyms
▪ Also, some acronyms do not capitalize some of
their letters.)
▪ LotR for Lord of the Rings
Also, some acronyms do
not capitalize some of their
letters.
 LotR for Lord of the Rings
 iPhone
 ebay
Titles of
7. bodies of
work
Capitalizing
Titles
1. Capitalize the first word of the
title, the last word of the title,
and all nouns, pronouns, verbs,
adverbs, adjectives,
subordinating conjunctions, and
a few conjunctions.
Leaving Conjunctions, Prepositions, and Articles
Lowercase
Leaving Conjunctions, Prepositions, and Articles Lowercase
2. The most important thing about
title capitalization is to be
consistent.
▪ a relatively short list of words that
are not capitalized: “a,” “an,”
“and,” “at,” “but,” “by,” “for,” “in,”
“nor,” “of,” “on,” “or,” "out," “so,”
“the,” “to,” “up,” and “yet.”
SEATWORK: A. Apply the
rules of capitalization on
the sentences below.
Rewrite the sentences
correctly on your notebook.
1. i never had any new
year’s resolution that
is as meaningful as
this one.
2. jane, tricia, and
elizabeth were the
last to join the group;
they joined last
october.
3. what mr. dela
cruz wanted was a
copy of Michael
Buble song.
4. trust in our lord
god; he will never
betray you.
5. a canadian tourist told me that
he has travelled through most
parts of the world: france,
germany, japan, sweden,
brazil, and the philippines were
among his favorites.
6. my uncle once told
me, “don’t you ever
disrespect your
parents, no matter
what they do.”
7. her favourite
film is “she’s
dating the
gangster.”
8. she always
wanted to give
charlie a gift.
9. don’t go
anywhere, i’ll be
there in a moment.
10. i found the man i
was looking for; i saw
him near sta. lucia high
school last tuesday.
B. Write the subject of each of the following sentences.
1. Readers know when a writer has lost control
of his sentences when these sentences run
on and on.
2. Take control of your sentences.
3. When you read over your paper, look for
sentences that never seem to end.
4. The first impulse of a person might be to
take these long sentences and divide them
into two (or three, or four).
5. This simple solution often works.
6. But, sometimes, this strategy isn’t the most
desirable one: it might lead to short, choppy
sentences.
7. The points that you are trying to make should be
clear.
8. Which grammatical structure best serves your
purpose?
9. They know the grammar structure that is most
useful for you.
10. Grammar can be fun or frustrating.
C. Complete each of the following sentences.
1. Readers ____________________________
2. Your neighbour _______________________
3. When my classmate ___________________
4. The first impulse of a person_____________
______________________________________
5. The simple process ____________________
______________________________________
They got confused in
identifying which is the
subject of the sentence.
Small details.
Big impact.
iPhone
project
Show and explain your web,
app or software projects
using these gadget
templates.
Check the proper
capitalizations!
Thanks!
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