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PSYCH 122: FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE
PSYCH 121
• PRELIMS
• Cultural, Cross-Cultural, Ethno Psych, Volker Psych
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• Indigenous Psych
• Influences to Filipino Psych
SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
• Sikolohiyang
Pilipino: Basic Tenets & Principles
Pilipino
• History of Sikolohiyang
• MIDTERMS
• Indigenous Research
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Methods
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PSYCH 122: FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY COURSE OUTLINE
PSYCH 122: FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY COURSE requirements
• FINALS
• Assignments
• Indigenous Filipino Measurements
• Quizzes
• Filipino Character and Traits
• Filipino Personality Theories
• Article/Journal
and Concepts
• Filipino Political Psych, Gender Psych, HBO, Transpersonal
Reading and Reports
• Mini-research
• Application and Practice
Psych
• 60% (EX) +30%(Q)+10% (SW)
• 30+30+40
• BE MINDFUL OF BS PSYCH’s RETENTION POLICY
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SINO ANG PILIPINO?
Anu-ano ang katangian ng isang Pilipino?
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Sino o sinu-sino ang iyong naiisip kapag sinasabing “Pilipino”?
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INTRODUCTION TO FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
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What is Filipino Psychology?
A BRIEF HISTORY OF FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY
• Filipino Psychology
• 17Century
is an Indigenous Psychology
Philosophical Psychology (part of European academic tradition)
was brought to the Philippines by the Spanish Priests
• The scientific study of the
ethnicity, society and culture of
people and the application to psychological practice of
indigenous knowledge rooted in the people’s ethnic heritage
and consciousness.
•
Virgilio G. Enriquez (1994). Pagbabangong-Dangal: Indigenous Psychology & Cultural Empowerment.
Akademya ng Kultura at Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Lungsod ng Quezon.
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Early 1900s
U.P. (which was established by the Americans) taught psychology
as part of the Philosophy Department
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•
1920’s
• 1940s- 1950s
The pioneers of Psychology in the Philippines came from field other than
psychology, the most common of which were Philosophy and Education.
Most of the pioneers received their advanced psychology training in the
United States.
•
(Founding 50’s)
The Institute of Human Relations (1948) was established in the
Philippine Women’s University where Estefania Aldaba-Lim was
the clinical psychologist and head of the clinic.
In 1950s, it seems that the earliest forms of psychology practice in
the Philippines were in the areas of testing, counseling and
clinical psychology.
1930s
UST has the distinction of being the first institution to offer Bachelor of
Science in Psychology and Master’s and Doctorate Degrees in the field.
In the area of psychology practice, the first psychological clinic was set-up by
Sinforoso Padilla at the UP in 1932.
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• 1960s
(Scientific 60s)
Academic programs in psychology have mushroomed to about 44
colleges and universities all over the Philippines.
• 1970s
(Relevant 70s)
The most significant development in the 70s was the shift away
from the influence of Western (particularly American) Psychology
with its emphasis on behaviorism and experimental method
toward a more Indigenous Philippine Psychology.
23 schools have been noted to offer an AB in Psychology, 15 in BS
Psychology and 6 offering a AB in Behavioral Sciences or in
Guidance and Psychology.
*Saint Louis University (SLU), Through Fr. Evarist Verlinden,
CICM, also contributed to the growth of Psychology in the
Philippines
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Virgilio Enriquez – Filipino Psychology, Filipino Indigenous
Psychology
• 1980s
• Area of concern that emerged in the 80s is Psychology
and National Development, where the study of
relationship between psychological variables and social,
economics and political factors in Philippine society
were a call of interest for research
Alfredo Lagmay – Filipinization of Tests
Zeus Salazar – Filipino Philosophy and Filipino Orientation
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• 1990s
• Challenges of the 80s:
Emergency of new psychology practitioners
• Reaffirming Psychology’s Scientific Tradition
1994, death of Virgilio Enriquez
• Developing
• 2000s
a Genuine Philippine Psychology
• Involvement in National Development
• Linking with psychologists from other developing countries
• Professionalization of psychology
• Standardization and Accreditation of psychology programs
Re-emergence of Professionalization of Psychology and Guidance and
Counseling
2004: RA9258 (GC)
2010: RA 10029 (PSY)
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Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez:
Ama ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino
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Enriquez’s Basic Elements & Features of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino (3 Distinctions)
His influence went beyond the UP and taught in other
institutions such as DLSU, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng
Maynila, UST, CEU; A visiting professor in international
university – Hawaii, Hong Kong
•
Authored several publications in IP, Fil. Psych, Psych of
language & politics, philosophy and values, cross-cultural
, Philippine Studies
•
Made significant contributions to the awareness of
Sikolohiyang Pilipino and Asian Psychology
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Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology)
Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas (Psychology in the
Philippines)
3. Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (Psychology of the
Filipinos) – theorizing about the psychological
nature of Filipinos, whether from local or foreign
perspective
1.
2.
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5 important aspects which is the way of learning
about people’s conscience (1976)
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• Kalooban and Kamalayan: the study of emotions and
experienced knowledge awareness of one’s surroundings
(Ulirat)
palasak na anyo sapagkat pinakakaraniwan o madaling
makita
• Isip: information and understanding
refers to the theories or knowledge of Filipino nature
regardless of source
• Diwa: habits and behavior
• Kaluluwa: the soul
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GAWAIN:
Mag-lista ng Tatlong (3) kilalang
sikolohista na iyong napag-aralan
kamakailan sa iyong Psych 111
ang pinakamalaki o kabuuang anyo ng sikolohiya sa kontekstong Pilipino
(hal. Bilang ng kurso, programa, at pananaliksik na naisagawa)
refers to a series of events related to the field of psychology in the
Philippines.
(e.g. number of degree programs and journals, the amount of research
conducted)
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• Anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood
from a Filipino perspective. Very important aspect of this
definition is the Filipino orientation.
nilalayong anyo, sikolohiyang bunga ng karanasan, kaisipan at
oryentasyong Pilipino
• According to Enriquez, Sikolohiyang
Pilipino is defined as the
study of diwa (psyche)
refers to a psychology based on the Filipino’s true thoughts, feelings,
behaviors and must derive from indigenous Filipino sources, language, and
methods
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• Indigenization
was also given emphasis when attempts to
translate failed to capture or express a truly Filipino Psychology
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WHY STUDY SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO?
DISTINGUISHING CULTURAL PSYCH, CROSSCULTURAL PSYCH, ETHNOPSYCH, VOLKER
PSYCHOLOGY
• For the exercise of care in the adoption of foreign
theories… “uncritical rejection is just as dangerous as
the critical acceptance of Western Theories”
• For example: psychological problems are the same
anywhere, however, the sources of problems differ
greatly
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Cultural Psychology
• systematic relationships between
"Cultural psychology is the study of the way cultural
traditions and social practices regulate, express, and
transform the human psyche, resulting less in psychic
unity for humankind than in ethnic divergences in mind,
self, and emotion."
culture and psychological variables
• how cultures reflect
and shape the
psychological processes of their
members
• mind and culture are inseparable
and mutually constitutive, meaning
that people are shaped by their
culture and their culture is also
shaped by them
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Cross-Cultural Psychology
Ethnopsychology
•study of similar and/or
• psychology of races
and ethnic groups;
behavior of the
people of a particular
ethnic community
• tribes, peoples, and
nations, as well as
specific population
groups that are
ethnically related
differences in human
behavior and mental
processes under diverse
cultural conditions
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Volker Psychology (Völkerpsychologie)
• Father of
• establish
the relation between the characteristics of the
psyche of members of the communities being studied, on the
one hand, and the type of economic activity engaged in under
specific natural conditions and the character of nonmaterial
culture
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Psychology
• Experimentation was too limited for studying individual
consciousness, especially with the application to mental processes,
such as language
• language was distinguished among the collective
human processes
and since it seemed to be crucial to the entire upper mental functions,
those functions were concluded as exempt to experimental
research
• Communal and cultural products of human nature (religion,
mythology)
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Indigenous Psychology
• Indigenous psychology
is considered necessary since existing
psychological theories are not necessarily universal, and may
often represent the psychology and cultural traditions of Europe
and North America (Globalization vs Colonization)
• human behavior or mind that is
native, that is not transported from
other regions, and that is designed for
its people
• "Indigenous psychology seeks to discover
how the cultural
views, theories, assumptions and classifications coupled with
overarching social institutions influence psychological topics in
each respective culture (2007)
• advocates examining knowledge,
skills and beliefs people have about
themselves and studying them in
their natural contexts
• rooted in the systematic influences of formal, political
and
educational institutions as well as social factors
• Indigenous psychology explicitly
advocates for incorporating both the
content and the context of research
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Emic vs Etic
•EMIC
• How local people think
• From person within the
culture
• Meaningful to members
of a certain culture
• Specific to culture
SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO:
FROM A MOVEMENT TO AN ACADEMIC
DISCIPLINE
•ETIC
• Perspective of outsider
looking IN
• Data gathering of
Major Characteristics of Sikolohiyang
Pilipino as an Indigenous Asian Psychology
outsiders
• Behaviors that may be
universal
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Limits of Western Concepts and Methods to Filipino
Psychology
Sikolohiyang Pilipino:
from a movement to an academic discipline
• Applicability of the Western theories and principles
1. Principle emphasis to foster
taught as well as research concepts and methods used in
Philippine setting.
• Identity and national consciousness
• Western social research methods in rural Philippines.
• Social awareness and involvement
The need for innovation.
• Applicability of Western concepts, values and methods
in the social sciences to the concrete realities of Asian
societies.
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• Psychology of language and culture
• Applications and bases of Filipino Psychology
• (health practices, agriculture, art, religion)
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2. As methods of investigation, Sikolohiyang Pilipino
encourages:
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Cross-indigenous method
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Multi-method multi-language approach
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Appropriate field methods
Primary areas of protests of Sikolohiyang PIlipino
3. It is against:
o Psychology that perpetuate the colonial status
of the Filipino mind
o Psychology used for the exploitation of the
masses
o The imposition to a Third World country of
psychologies developed in industrialized
countries.
Virgilio Enriquez (1992). From colonial to liberation
psychology: The Philippine Experience. University of the
Philippine Press. QC
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Recall: MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO
PSYCHOLOGY
1.
4. Positions of sikolohiyang pilipino
A. On psychological practice
• Conceptualization of the psychological practice in a
Philippine context (industriya vs kabuhayan; klinika vs
kalusugan)
Principal emphasis is the Filipino Orientation: national
identity, language, culture, social involvement
Investigation of Filipino Psychology encourages the
use of cross-indigenous methods and multi-method &
multi-language approach
3. It is against the perpetuation of colonial mentality,
exploitation of masses and imposing Third World
psychologies established from Industrialized Nations
2.
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• Concerned with folk practices, indigenous techniques
of healing, popular religio-political movements
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B. On science-humanism issue:
Concerned with both scientific and humanistic approaches
C. On mentalism-behaviorism issue:
utilizes scientific methodology in the study of psychological
phenomena
Uses both phenomenological and behavioristic concepts
but with lesser emphasis on individual experience and
with greater emphasis on collective experience of a
people with common bond of history
concerned not only with the universal validity of
psychological science but also in utilizing such for the
purpose of serving the interest of all mankind, affording
protection to the disadvantaged
attaches greater importance to kamalayan, subsidiary
importance to ulirat
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D. On analysis – wholeness issue:
• Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a step towards the development
of a universal psychology, not inconsistent with a
universal psychology.
Methodologically leans on the side of analysis but
interprets the results of analysis with a bias for wholeness
Not anti-western theory and methods but against a nonselective use of imposition of Western knowledge
Consideration for social context, political implications
and cultural meaning of the study.
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5. Sikolohiyang Pilipino being interdisciplinary
• It is enriched by the different disciplines to become more
solid and closer to Philippine reality.
It became more “responsible” and responsive to the
needs of the Filipinos due to the philosophy that we need
to make psychology benefit and be of service to the
people.
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