Cell Organisation
in Plants
(1) Tissues
(2) Organs & Systems
Tissue
2 main tissues type in plants :
- meristematic tissue
- permanent tissue
Meristematic Tissue
Consists of small cells with thin walls,
large nuclei, dense cytoplasm and no
vacuoles
Young, active dividing cells
Have not undergone differentiation
Located at the tips of roots and the buds of
shoots
Permanent Tissue
Mature tissues
Have undergone differentiation
Three types :
i. Epidermal tissue
ii. Ground tissue
iii.Vascular tissue
i. Epidermal tissue
Outermost layer
Covers the stems, leaves and roots
Most are flat and have large vacuole
Walls are covered with waxy cuticle
Root epidermal cells have long projection
called root hairs
Specialised epidermal cells that contain
chloroplast are called guard cells
ii. Ground tissue
Consists of:
i. Parenchyma tissue
ii. Collenchyma tissue
iii. Sclerenchyma tissue
Form the bulk
of
the plant
iii. Vascular tissue
Consists of:
i. Xylem
ii. Phloem
Continuously
through the
plant
Xylem
Mainly are xylem vessels joined together
end to end, from the roots up to the leaves
No cytoplasm so it enables efficient
transport of water and mineral salts
Cell walls are thickened with lignin to
provide support and mechanical strength
to plants
Phloem
Mainly are sieve tubes, arranged end to
end to form long continuous tube-like
structures
Transport organic compounds such as
newly synthesised carbohydrates and
amino acids from the leaf to other parts of
the plant
Organs & Systems
Leaf, stem, root & flower are
some of the organs in plants
Plants have fewer organs than
animals
Systems in plants are not as
specialised as animals
Flowering plants have 2 main systems,
the root and the shoot
There is also support system in plants
consisting stems and branches