Revision of the blood
What is the function of haemoglobin?
• Iron attracts oxygen
• From lungs
• Gives blood bright red
colour
• Attracts Carbon dioxide
from tissues and organs
Red blood cells are also known as?
• erythrocytes
The shape of the red blood cell is?
• Bi-concave
• Why?
• Large surface
area attracts
more gas
Do red blood cells have a nucleus?
• No nucleus
• Where are
they made?
In the bone marrow
What is the name for blood cell
formation?
haemopoiesis
What is the name for red blood cell
formation?
erythropoiesis
Separation of blood cells and plasma
• This is done in a
centrifuge
• To separate the plasma
and the cells
Name a type of white blood cell
• Lymphocyte
• Phagocytosis
• Monocyte
• When a white blood cell
surrounds a germ or
foreign body and
dissolves it.
• phagocyte
What constituents are there in the
plasma?
Gas e.g
oxygen for
respiration
sodium
Salts -- e.g.
—for
nerve conduction
Hormones e.g.
adrenaline
Communication
e.g. increases the heart rate
Products of digestion- e.g. glucose
for energy in the cells
pluripotent
Lymphocyte
erythrocyte
eosinophil
neutrophil
basophil
monocyte
thrombocyte
granulocytes
BTLymphocyte
Lymphocyte
agranulocytes
What does haemostasis mean?
• How the body prevents
blood loss after an
injury
Put the stages in the correct order
Platelet plug formation, Vaso
constriction, coagulation
Vaso constriction
Platelet plug formation
coagulation
What does coagulation mean?
• Explain this stage of
haemostasis
• Use the words
prothrombinase
• Calcium
• Thrombin
• Fibrinogen
• Fibrin
• Net –trap
• Clot
• Serum
Sticking together and clotting
Ssee next slide
Haemostasis
• Tissue is damaged and
prothrombinase is released.
• Using calcium it changes to
thrombin
• thrombin converts the
fibrinogen to fibrin strands
• Fibrin strands form net
• Trapping cells to form clot
• Left over fluid is serum
Final questions
What do the platelets do?
• Form clots which stop the
blood loss
Why do platelets contain
mitochondria?
• Forming clots uses energy
Classification of blood groups
• View the video on
youtube.
• youtube video blood
groups
• and also the video
• http://www.youtube.co
m/watch?v=oz4Ctau8m
C8&feature=related
• Name the four major
blood groups
A
B
AB
O
Explain how we classify blood
• The protein on the
surface of the red cells
is known as an antigen
• Red blood cells can
have either A, B, or
Rhesus antigens.
• So which blood groups
have which antigens?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A antigen = A
B antigen = B
A&B antigens = AB
No antigens = O
Only the Rhesus antigen
+
No Rhesus antigen
-
Blood donor compatibility
• The blood plasma makes
antibodies against antigens
• Donor
• If we give group A blood
• To a person who does not
have A antigens
• receives blood
• Then that person will make
antibodies in the plasma and
this will cause the blood to
clot
• AB blood group does not
recognise AB or B as foreign
and so
• AB can receive blood from
everyone
• So everyone can receive group
O blood because it has no
antigens.
• Plus blood from their own
group.
• gives blood
• Recipient
Universal?
• Universal recipient?
AB
• Universal donor?
O
BUT don’t forget the rhesus factor
• People who have a
blood group that is
Rhesus positive can
receive blood from
either the negative or
positive blood groups.
• People who are rhesus
negative can only
receive blood from the
rhesus negative blood
groups.
• + donates to +
• - donate to - and +
• - can only receive from • + can receive from + & -
What is the haematocrit?
• This is the name given
for the red blood cells
• And the platelets.
• The rest is
• The white blood cells
• and the plasma